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privileged to have all the resources whether its food or resources for work.

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Health to me is much more than the absence of diseases. For me, health is when you are fit not just physically but also mentally and emotionally. According to me, one can considered healthy if they are living a quality life, having nutritious and balanced food, doing good exercise, going for regular checkups, taking all the precautions required such as vaccinations and is away from all the unhealthy habits such as drugs, alcohol, smoking etc.

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For me, the most important learning from Domain 7 was to provide effective and patient centered care. While serving as a nurse, we will encounter patients from diverse backgrounds such as people who have migrated or refugees. They may have their own cultural beliefs, values, and biases. I have learned that culture can influence the healthcare decisions which clinicians have to make, and a clinician should respect that. We should be aware of the patients’ cultural beliefs and values so that we can give culturally appropriate care to them. We should try to minimize culturally inappropriate activities such as less cultural knowledge, inadequate communication and prejudices which can negatively impact the patients’ health outcome. Having learned the competency standard, I now can say that I am more prepared for giving culturally appropriate care to people with a different culture.  ("Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds," 2019)

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. (2019, January). https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/3573073/mod_resource/content/1/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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All the social determinants of health somehow impact the lives of refugees/migrants in Australia but the major 3 according to me are:

Education: Due to the language barriers, refugees/migrants can have limited access to quality education. Also, the qualifications achieved in their own country sometimes doesn't get recognized in Australia due to which they have to face many problems regarding further studies and job.

Food insecurity: Due to limited financial resources, migrants/refugees may have limited access to quality and nutritious food which really impacts their health and productivity.

Early childhood development: Due to limited resources, migrants/ refugees' children may not get the required early childhood development facilities such as education and health care services. This can really impact the physical and mental development of a child in the future.

WHO. (2023). Social determinants of health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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Principle health issues that refugees face

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Principle health issues that refugees face

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Focus country: Africa

People of Africa are facing many problems. Many of Africa's present problems and conflicts can be traced back to its history of colonialism. The other problems are population growth, shortage of resources, under development and climate change. (Jakubowicz, 2019, p. 04) In the last seven decades, Australia has resettled an approximate of 900,000 displaced people from Africa on humanitarian basis. (Molla, 2021). Three common health concerns which are mentioned on the Australian refugee health practice guide that are likely to be present in refugees arriving from Africa are Schistosomiasis, Hepatitis B and Malaria.

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a parasite infection caused by Schistosoma flukes. You can get infected by swimming or bathing in freshwater containing tiny larvae called cercariae, which are released by snails living in the water.

There is a blood testing for schistosomiasis serology people who have lived in or travelled in endemic countries and Africa is one of them

And if the serology is positive, we can treat it with 2 doses of praziquantel of 20/mg/kg, 4 hours apart. ("Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide," n.d.)

Hepatitis B

A complete HBV blood test is there which include HB surface antigen, HB surface antibody and HB core antibody

And if the test comes positive, it gets followed up with ultrasound and some blood tests. And there will be a test offering for the patient’s sexual partner. ("Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide," n.d.)

Malaria

Malaria is a parasitic protozoal infection caused by plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes.

Patients detected with malaria get referred to a physician with experience in tackling malaria. Depending on the severity of malaria, the patient may either be admitted or prescribed oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). ("Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide," n.d.)

Molla, T. (2021). African Refugees in Australia: Social Position and Educational Outcomes. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 19(4), 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2020.1801942

Jakubowicz, A. (2019). Australia’s migration policies: African dimensions. https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/africanaus/papers/africanaus_paper_jakubowicz.pdf

Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (n.d.). Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide: Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

Grafikwebvideo. (n.d.). South Africa and Australia Flags Together, Crumpled Paper Effect 3D Illustration. Dreamstime. South Africa and Australia Flags Together, Crumpled Paper Effect 3D Illustration Stock Illustration - Illustration of sheet, grungy: 226980094 (dreamstime.com)

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Image of Golden Temple clicked by me (Damanpreet Kaur)

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It is a gurudwara located in Amritsar, Punjab. It is a worship place for Sikhs. It is an example of how people of India respect other culture and religions. It has four entrances in all the four directions which depicts the four predominant religions of India that is Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, and Christians. These four entrances depict that people of any religion, caste, race, or color are welcomed. Also, the foundation stone of this Sikh temple was laid by a Muslim. People of all different religion and social status whether rich or poor sit on the floor together to eat food. This depicts the inclusive cultural coexistence among people in India. ("10 interesting facts about the golden temple in Amritsar," 2023)

10 interesting facts about the golden temple in Amritsar. (2023, March 21). The Best of Indian Pop Culture & What’s Trending on Web. https://www.scrolldroll.com/lesser-known-facts-about-the-golden-temple-in-amritsar/

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Tulsi also known as holy basil is a native plant of India. Tulsi is known to be highly effective in protecting our body from infection and diseases of various parts of our body. It is also known for keeping our blood sugar and cholesterol levels in control and good in controlling diabetes. Not only that, it has anti-cancer properties and is also a remedy for cough, fever, respiratory disorders, kidney stones, skin, hair, and a lot more. (Garg, 2023).

Garg, D. P. (2023, August 23). Tulsi: Health benefits, uses and nutritional value. PharmEasy Blog. https://pharmeasy.in/blog/health-benefits-of-tulsi/

Sakaew, B. (2020). Fresh holy basil leaves in white bowl on white background. stock photo. iStock. Fresh Holy Basil Leaves In White Bowl On White Background Stock Photo - Download Image Now - iStock (istockphoto.com)

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Rock Garden in Chandigarh is a 40-acre eco-friendly sculpture garden made by using only waste materials. It is also known as Nek Chand’s Rock Garden because he started this garden secretly in his free time. The recycled ceramic sculptures are the main attraction of this garden.

Rock garden. (2023, September 19). Chandigarh | The City Beautiful | India. https://chandigarhdistrict.nic.in/tourist-place/rock-garden/

SPIC. (2021, December 30). Rock-garden | Chandigarh tourism, union territory , Chandigarh. https://chandigarhtourism.gov.in/pages/page/rock-garden

Navarino, E. (2018). Chandigarh, colorful sculptures in the Rock garden stock photo. iStock. Chandigarh Colorful Sculptures In The Rock Garden Stock Photo - Download Image Now - Chandigarh, Rock Garden, Architect - iStock (istockphoto.com)

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India is a country where people are from different religions, culture, caste, color, and have different languages but still there is a unity among them. Because of so many different languages, there is no national language in India which gave equal respect and place to each major and minor language in India. All the people of India live in peace with a sense of brotherhood with people of different culture which demonstrates culture inclusiveness.

India - Diversity, culture, religion. (1998, August 12). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/India/People

Snapgalleria. (2014). Indian Culture stock illustration. iStock.

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In this video, I (Damanpreet) am doing a mixture of both Bhangra Gidha.

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The folk dance of Punjab is Bhangra and Gidha.

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The traditional dress for girls is a Punjabi suit and for boys is Kurta pajama . These are the different variations of Punjabi suits.