# data[].attributes.body
Sahara Desert: World's Largest
Africa Desert

Niger River: Main river of Western Africa, moves through the countries of Niger and Mali

Congo River: Second largest river in Africa behind the Nile

Horn of Africa: Part of
Northeastern Africa includes the countries of Somalia and Southeastern Ethiopia

Cape of Good Hope: Located in the South Africa named after explorer Bartholomew Dias

# data[].attributes.body
Songhai: Greatest university for learning ideas of Astronomy, medicine, mathematics

• Kongo: Kingdom located in West-Central Africa, created trade with Portugal

• Asante: Located in West Africa, traded with Portugal with gold and slaves

• Zulu: Located in Southern Africa. Led by warrior Shaka, British Empire took them over

• Ethiopia: Traded with Portugal and other Europeans for weapons and maintained independence from Europeans

# data[].attributes.headline
Social and Cultural Patterns in Central and Southern Africa

# data[].attributes.subject
Social and Cultural Patterns in Central and Southern Africa

# data[].attributes.body
Kongo

Portuguese missionaries were successful in converting rulers to christianity, resulting in the conversion of the entire kingdom.

The art of the kongo was elaborate, using wood, cloth, and terra-cotta

Zulu

﻿Practice of indigenous religion, characterized by ancestral spirits and the use of magic occurred.

﻿History passed through oral traditions in the indigenous language

﻿History passed through oral traditons in the indigenous language

# data[].attributes.body
Songhai: while Islam was practiced by rulers, most people remained loyal to their indigenous religions. Because of trade relationships with foreign nations an empires, Songhai was a cultural center of Africa, including cities like Timbuktu

Asante (Ashanti):

Practice of indigenous religion and use of indigenous language

Threats from European invasion and other African empires created a militaristic society

# data[].attributes.body
Ethiopia

﻿﻿Influence of Christionity,
Judaism, and Islam through trade

﻿﻿Differences in religion and European interaction caused conflict

# data[].attributes.body
Political System: The government took the form of an absolute monarchy headed by a sovereign who served as head of state, commander of the armed forces, and head of government

Economic System: The primary sources of the Songhai Empire's wealth continued to be agricultural production centered on the Niger floodplain and taxes on trade goods, especially gold and salt, both of which had also been key to the economy of the Mali Empire.

# data[].attributes.body
Political system: Ruled by a monarch with centered on christianity.

Economic system: Economy based on trade of gold, ivory, and frankincense across the Sahara Desert and overseas.

# data[].attributes.body
Political system: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power a bureaucracy.

Economic system: Economy based on agriculture, metallurgy, and trees of ivory and slaves.

# data[].attributes.body
Political system: Elimination of clan tradition in favor of a unified government under a central leader.

Economic system: Economy based on trade of gold and slaves to north Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas.

# data[].attributes.body
Political system: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy.

﻿﻿Economic system: Economy based entirely on agriculture and livestock