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Any photo that uses shadows as a prominent part of the composition — to enhance the contrast of a subject or as the subject itself

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The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows, Lending A Sense Of Depth, Dimension, And Naturalness To A Photograph.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image.

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Sepia toning is a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject.

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When you bracket your shots you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures.

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The exposure level indicator shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure.

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A grey card is designed to help photographers to adjust their exposure and white balance settings consistently by providing a reference point.

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You can save a current size and position of panels as a uniquely named workspace and restore that workspace even if you move or close a panel. The names of saved workspaces appear in the Window > Workspace menu.

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The toolbar in Photoshop is where you can find all the tools you need to work with.

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n Adobe Photoshop, a palette is a group of tools for editing and manipulating images.

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The menu bar in Adobe Photoshop is a basic element located at the top of the program that contains commands for opening and saving files, adjusting the canvas size, accessing editing tools, and opening and closing windows.

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The options bar in Adobe Photoshop is a horizontal menu at the top of the main window that lets you customize a tool.

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Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.

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The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height, and is expressed with two numbers separated by a colon, such as 16:9, sixteen-to-nine.

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Resolution indicates the number of pixels that are displayed per inch for an image (or pixels per centimeter).

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

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SOOC is a photographer's abbreviation that stands for “Straight Out Of Camera.” It refers to images that are shown exactly as they were captured by the camera, with no post-processing applied whatsoever.

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A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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RAW files contain uncompressed and unprocessed image data, allowing photographers to capture practically every detail they see in their viewfinder.

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PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file. It's particularly popular file type with web designers because it can handle graphics with transparent or semi-transparent backgrounds.

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JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography.

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PSD (Adobe Photoshop Document) files are raster image files, which include support for image manipulation such as layers, masks, transparency, text, alpha channels, clipping path, additional color settings, and a variety of other Photoshop-specific elements.

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo.

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Double exposure is a technique that combines two different exposures or images that are layered on top of each other.

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A triadic color scheme uses three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel.

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So, what exactly is the blue hour? It is that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon.

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What is golden hour? The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers.

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A macro lens is a special type of camera lens that has the ability to work with very short focusing distances, taking sharp images of very small subjects.

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a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2. 8 to f1. 2.

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A Fisheye Lens is a type of ultra wide angle lens that distorts the scene or subject to create a hemispherical (or wide panoramic) image.

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A telephoto lens has a longer focal length than a standard lens, yielding a magnified image and a narrow field of view.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera with a 35 mm image sensor format.

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Advanced Photo System type-C is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2 and Ø 30.15 mm field diameter.

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In photography and cinematography, a reflector is an improvised or specialized reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene.

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A scrim is a popular light modifier used by photographers and videographers to soften or diffuse light.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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The Patch tool is used to remove unwanted image elements. The Content-Aware option in the Patch tool synthesizes nearby content for seamless blending with the surrounding content.

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The Clone Stamp tool copies pixels from one area and applies them to another.

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The Spot Healing Brush tool magically removes unwanted spots, marks, or small objects in your image. Photoshop selects and replaces pixels from another part of your image to blend in seamlessly.

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The Healing Brush allow you fix imperfections, like scratches, wrinkles, dust spots, etc., causing them to disappear into the surrounding image. It works very much like the cloning tools. You sample pixels in one are of an image, then paint over another area replacing it with the sampled pixels.

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The Brush tool allows you to paint on any layer, much like a real paintbrush. You'll also have different settings to choose from, which can help you customize it for different situations.

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The Zoom Tool is used to zoom in and out of an image.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view.

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images.

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What is the Gradient tool in Photoshop? The Gradient tool allows you to create gradual changes of color and light across an image with power and precision.

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The Paint Bucket tool fills an area, that is similar in color value to the pixels you click. You can fill an area with the foreground color or a pattern.

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The Straighten tool is designed for ease of use: You draw it across a line that's supposed to be straight, and then Photoshop will do the actual straightening for you.

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The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection. Crop to remove distractive background elements and create a focus on your desired object in the image.

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The Smudge tool simulates a brush smearing wet paint. The brush picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you swipe or nudge it.

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The sponge tool in Photoshop works on color saturation. It can either saturate a color or desaturate a color.

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Select and Mask is a workspace in Photoshop that allows users to refine the edges of a selection. It includes tools that can smooth selections, adjust edges, and refine difficult sections.

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The Burn tool in Photoshop darkens areas of an image.

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The Dodge tool in Photoshop lightens specific areas of an image without changing its hue or saturation. It's based on a darkroom technique where photographers hold back light to lighten areas of a print.

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The Blur tool in Photoshop allows you to blur specific areas of an image to soften its edges and details, creating a smoother appearance.

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The Sharpen tool in Adobe Photoshop focuses soft edges in a photo to make it clearer or more distinct. It increases the contrast between pixels, making light pixels lighter and dark pixels darker.

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Tracking in Photoshop is the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in selected text or an entire block of text. You can adjust tracking in the Character panel:

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Leading is the space between lines of text in Photoshop, and it's usually measured from the baseline. You can adjust the leading of your font in Photoshop by opening the Character palette.

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Positive values will add space between the characters, whereas negative values will reduce it. Keep adjustments subtle to maintain the natural flow of the text.

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The transform tool allows users to manipulate images, shapes, and paths, including scaling, rotating, skewing, distorting, and applying perspective changes.

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Clipping masks in Photoshop are a versatile and powerful technique used to control the visibility of a layer. They are similar to layer masks, but while the end result may appear the same, their functioning and application differ significantly.

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DSLR stands for digital single-lens reflex, and DSLR cameras are digital cameras that use a single lens to capture and view images, while some other cameras use separate lenses for these tasks.

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Photo metadata is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image. It allows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software and human users.

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A thumbnail is a small version of an image or video that helps users organize and recognize them. Thumbnails are often used by photographers and graphic designers to make it easier to view or manage a group of larger images.

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Post-processing, also known as post-production, is the process of editing a photograph after it has been captured to enhance the image.

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Layer masking is a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them.

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Saturation describes the intensity of the color. And lightness refers to how light or dark the color is. A grayscale or black-and-white photo has no color saturation, while a full-color photo of a field of sunlit wildflowers might be extremely saturated.

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Color balance in photography is the adjustment of the relative strength of the red, green, and blue channels in an image.

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Hue refers to the dominant wavelength of light that the human eye interprets as color, but you can think of it as the basic color on the color wheel.

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Vibrance is a color enhancement tool that increases the saturation of certain colors in a photo, while preserving other colors. It focuses on less saturated colors, like greens and blues, and brings out colors that might otherwise be less noticeable.

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Contrast is the range of brightness, from lightest to darkest, in an image. A high-contrast image will have very bright highlights and very dark shadows.

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The Lasso tool in Adobe Photoshop is a freehand selection tool that allows users to create precise selections of objects or areas within an image.

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Photoshop's Magic Wand tool is a selection tool that uses machine learning to automatically select an area of an image based on its color and tone.

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It allows us to easily draw freeform selection outlines based on straight-sided polygonal shapes.

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The Quick Selection tool allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image.

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The Rectangular Marquee tool is used for making rectangular selections within an image.

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The Elliptical Marquee tool in Photoshop allows users to create elliptical or circular selections.