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Heightened German Nationalism lead to Aggression

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Heightened German Nationalism lead to Aggression

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Schrock-Jacobson, Gretchen. “The Violent Consequences of the Nation: Nationalism and the Initiation of Interstate War.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 56, no. 5 (2012): 826. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23414712.

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How the World Wars panned out and how they affected change in diplomacy present a grand narrative approach to history.

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The rise of Nazism and communism caused had social repercussions.

Structures like empires collapsed; nation-states took their place and large-scale organizations started to become more common.

Parsons, Craig. “Showing Ideas as Causes: The Origins of the European Union.” International Organization 56, no. 1 (2002): 47–84. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3078670.

Mahbubani, Kishore. “Multilateral Diplomacy.” The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (March 2013): 252.

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Judt, Tony. “The Past Is Another Country: Myth and Memory in Postwar Europe.” In The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and Its Aftermath, edited by István Deák, Jan T. Gross, and Tony Judt, 294-295. London: Princeton University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400832057.

Varying emotions on the War among certain nations (historical relativism)

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Conway, Martin. “The Rise and Fall of Western Europe’s Democratic Age, 1945-1973.” Contemporary European History 13, no. 1 (2004): 67–88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20081192.

The working-class population were especially hit, particularly in Belgium

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Eubank, Keith. World War II: Roots and Causes, 56. Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1975.

Weisiger, Alex. “World War II: German Expansion and Allied Response.” In The Logics of War: Explanations for Limited and Unlimited Conflicts, 139. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013.

Vasquez, John A. “The Causes of the Second World War in Europe: A New Scientific Explanation.” International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale de Science Politique 17, no. 2 (1996): 165-166, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1601301.

Hitlers ambitions and transgressions begin the war. As Germany invades Poland, trends of territorial disputes in the beginning of wars - Macrohistory

Swistek, Göran. “The Nexus Between Public Diplomacy and Military Diplomacy in Foreign Affairs and Defense Policy.” Connections 11, no. 2 (2012): 82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26326276.

Militarization as a form of diplomacy; pose as a threat or for defense purposes

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Martin, Benjamin G. and Elisabeth Marie Piller. “Cultural Diplomacy and Europe's Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939: Introduction.” Contemporary European History 30, no. 2 (2021): 149–163. doi:10.1017/S096077732000065X.

A 'new diplomacy' is being welcomed, and 'old diplomacy' is being pushed out.

Horne, John. “Reconstruction, Reform and Peace in Europe after the First World War.” In Revival After the Great War: Rebuild, Remember, Repair, Reform, edited by Luc Verpoest, Leen Engelen, Rajesh Heynickx, Jan Schmidt, Pieter Uyttenhove, and Pieter Verstraete, 297. Leuven University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1b0fvbf.20.

Karns, Margaret P. and Karen A. Mingst. “International Organizations and Diplomacy.” The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (2013): 124.

With the creation of organizations like the League of Nations, diplomacy has become multilateral, from a previously bilateral approach.

Siracusa, Joseph M. Diplomacy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

The war can be attributed to long-established rivalries and alliances.

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Nigro, Louis J. and J. Boone Bartholomees. “THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MODERN DIPLOMACY: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT TO 1914.” VOLUME I: THEORY OF WAR AND STRATEGY. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2012. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep12116.17.

Rathbun, Brian C. “The Value and Values of Diplomacy.” In Diplomacy’s Value: Creating Security in 1920s Europe and the Contemporary Middle East, 2-10. Cornell University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1287cbz.4.

These sources give the definition of diplomacy in a basic sense. Additionally, Rathbun gives a suggestion of the value of diplomacy as an international endeavor.

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[TOPIC] The History of Diplomacy in Wartime Europe

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[TOPIC] The History of Diplomacy in Wartime Europe

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At specific periods during and after the World Wars, approaches and perspectives on diplomacy evolved.