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A student investigated the effect that changing the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution has on the rate of the reaction. He used solid manganese(IV) oxide as the catalyst in each experiment. The graph for the experiment is below: 

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A student investigated the effect that changing the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution has on the rate of the reaction. He used solid manganese(IV) oxide as the catalyst in each experiment. The graph for the experiment is below: 

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Why does the balance reading decrease?
What does the slope of the curve indicate about the reaction?
How long does the reaction take to complete?

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Which reaction, R S or T was the fastest? How can you tell from the graph?

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Magnesium chloride is formed when magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. Carla investigated the rate of this reaction by adding magnesium to excess dilute hydrochloric acid (25 cm3). Every 30 seconds she recorded the total volume of hydrogen produced until the reaction was complete. She plotted a graph of her results. Which is the correct graph of her results? 

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Magnesium chloride is formed when magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. Carla investigated the rate of this reaction by adding magnesium to excess dilute hydrochloric acid (25 cm3). Every 30 seconds she recorded the total volume of hydrogen produced until the reaction was complete. She plotted a graph of her results. Which is the correct graph of her results? 

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Some students investigated the rate of reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid. The equipment is shown: 

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Some students investigated the rate of reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid. The equipment is shown: 

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What is the purpose of the cotton wool? (1 mark)
Why does the mass decrease during the experiment (1 mark)

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By increasing the concentration of reactants, there are more reacting particles present, making collisions more likely to occur, increasing the frequency of successful collisions, and so, increasing the rate of reaction.

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as the concentration increases, more reactant particles form. meaning there would be more frequent collisions leading to a higher possibility of sucessive collisions

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lily

The rate of reaction increases if the reactant has a higher concentration because there is more particles to react with in the given volume. This increases the frequency of successful collisions

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A catalyst speeds up the reaction and provides different pathways and lowers the activation energy

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The concentration increases the rate of reaction as there would be more reactant particles moving together therefore causing a higher rate of reaction as there are more particles to collide with

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As the concentration of reactant particles increases, there is an increased chance of a collisions, thereby leading to an increased chance of successful collisions as there are now more particles to collide with in the same volume

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The rate of reaction increases as the concentration increases because then there are more molecules for the particles to collide with and therefore there are more frequent successful collisions and more particles will react with each other.

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The rate of reaction increases as the concentration of reactants increase because there are more reactant particles that can collide. With more reactant particles there is a higher chance that more particles has reached the activation energy and there is also a high chance of more frequent successful collisions.

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As concentration increases in a given volume, reaction increases as there is more particles that can be collided into. This increases the chance of successful collisions.

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The rate of reaction increases as the concentration of reactant increases because there are more reactive particles that are likely to collide at the activation energy. If there are more particles there is a higher chance of a collision. There is less space for the particles to move around so they collide with each other. And if they are at the activation energy they are likely to cause a reaction.

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A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy by providing alternate pathways without being used up in the process

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If the concentration increases there would be more particles meaning this increases the chances of more frequent successful collision in a given volume

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because there are more particles in a given volume to react with when the reactant concentration is higher, the rate of reaction increases. This increases the freguency of a successful collision.

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A catalyst accelerates the reaction, introduces new pathways, and reduces the activation energy.

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when the concentration of a reactant increases this means there are more particles. this means that there are more particles in a given volume which can have successful collisions, resulting in the rate of reaction also increasing.

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The rate of reaction increases as the concentration increases because there are more particles to collide together successfully

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as the concentration, there will be more reactant moving together and there will be more collision, this will increase the chances of a succesful collision

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A catalyst speeds up rate of reaction by providing a different pathway and lowering the activation energy.

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The rate of reaction increases because the amount of reactant in the space links to how many successful collisions will take place. If it is more concentrated, then there are more particles to successfully collide leading to the rate of reaction to increase.

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As the concentration of a reactant increases, there will be more particles in the given volume. If there are more particles then there will be more frequent collisions increasing the chance of there being a successful collision

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a catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction by providing a different pathway with a lower activation energy

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When temperature is increased it causes faster kinetic energy in particles which makes them move faster. This will allow for more frequent successful collisions.

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Temperature. An increase in temperature typically increases the rate of reaction. An increase in temperature will raise the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules. Therefore, a greater proportion of molecules will have the minimum energy necessary for an effective collision

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When the temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, causing them to move faster. This will result in frequent successful collisions.

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The balance reading decreases over time and comes to a stop because all of the reactant particles. Since reactant particles are slowly being used up, it decreases the chance of a successful collision.

The slope of the curve tells us that the reaction is decreasing at a decreasing rate. This is because the particles are slowly turning into product particles so the rate is slowing down.

It took 8 minutes to complete.

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a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction but does not get used up during the reaction and decreases the activation energy by providing a different pathway

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The balance reading will decrease because there are less particles to react with each other when all of there are being used up.

The slope of the curve indicates that the reaction is decreasing at a decreasing rate so the particles are being used up slowly and the rate of reaction is decreasing.

The reaction takes about 8 minutes to complete.

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When the heat is increased so is the kinetic energy of the particles. This makes the rate of reaction increase as the particles move faster and it is easier for them to achieve activation energy and therefore lead to more frequent collisions

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A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction without being used up during the reaction.

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A catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of reactions by opening up a separate pathway with lower activation energy. This means that more successful collisions can happen

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If you increase the temperature the particles will gain more kinetic energy causing them to move around faster which is increasing the rate of successful collisions

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A catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction by decreases the activation energy by creating an alternative pathway

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Reaction T was the fastest because the reactant particles turned into product particles in the least amount of time. We can tell because Reaction T ended just before 5 Minutes, whereas Reaction S and R ended after. Furthermore, we can tell by the steep gradient of Reaction T, that it happened the fastest.

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lily

a catalyst increases the rate of reaction by providing a pathway which lowers the activation energy. It is not used up in a reaction.

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The balance reading decreases because there are less particles in the mixture. When there are less particles, it decreases the chance for a successful collision.
The slope is telling us that the reaction is decreasing at a decreasing rate. When the particles are being used up, the rate is slowing down
The reaction took 8 minutes to complete

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Reaction T has the fastest reaction because the reaction completes at about 4.5 minutes whilst S completes at about 4.7 minutes and R completes at about 8 minutes. I can see this because the line does not go further down with the reading in grams it just goes across with time.

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The balance reading gradually decreases because the reactant particles are being used up. This lowers the chance of a successful collision.

The slope of the curve indicates the rate of reaction is decreasing at a decreasing rate. This is because there are less reactive particles so there are less collisions.

It ends at 8 minutes.

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T was the fastest because the mass changed in the least amount of time. This means that the reactants (successfully) collided more.

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when the temperature increases, the particles gain more kinetic energy making them move around faster therefore increasing the rate of successful collisions.

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B

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The answer is B

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a catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction but it does not get used up in the reaction, the catalyst will provide another pathway with a lower activation energy

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B

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B

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lily

increasing heat will create more kinetic energy. KE makes the particles move faster and this will create more frequent successful collisions.

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Temperature increases the rate of reaction as it increases kinetic energy which speeds up particles which causes more successful collisions

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A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternate pathway, lowering the activation energy. Furthermore, it is not used up during the reaction

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a catalyst is a substance which helps speed up the rate of reaction by providing new pathways. it increases the activation energy and it doesn't get used up.

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graph B

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a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

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B

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the steeper the gradient the faster the reaction

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Collision theory states that the particles need a minimum amount of energy to successfully collide called the activation energy. Increasing the temperature increases the amount of energy each particles has so they reach the activation energy. They also have more Kinetic energy which will increases the frequency of collisions since they move faster, meaning that there will be a greater chance of a successful collision happing.

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By increasing the temperature, it gives the particles more KE. The KE makes the particles move around faster which leads to more frequent successful collisions. Furthermore, there will be more particles with the activation energy.

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Reaction T was the fastest since the curve of the slope was steeper than the other curves on the graph.

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when the temperature is increased this gives the particles more kinetic energy. if the particles have more kinetic energy they will move around faster which increases the chances of successful collisions, increasing the rate of reaction.

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B

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The balance reading decreases over time and comes to a stop because all of the reactant particles. Since reactant particles are slowly being used up, it decreases the chance of a successful collision.

The slope of the curve tells us that the reaction is decreasing at a decreasing rate. This is because the particles are slowly turning into product particles so the rate is slowing down.

It took 8 minutes to complete.

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B

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reaction T was the fastest because it completes its reaction at 5 mins whereas S and R take longer to complete. We can also see that reaction T had a steeper gradient

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The rate of reaction increases because if there particles are close together, The particles are much more likely to collide with each other causing more reactions.

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A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction

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Graph B

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Reaction T was the fastest because it ended at 4.5 minutes, S was completed at 4.7 and R took 8. T also used up the most particles indicating it had a higher concentration of reactant particles. This would cause more successful collisions so it would react the quickest. The steep gradient of graph R also suggests a lot of the reactive particles were used up very quickly.

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B

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The cotton wool is there to prevent any acid spitting out when the gas is being released. This means the mass decreases because the gas released can go through the wool.

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1. the cotton wool prevents any acid from spitting out due to the active reaction taking its course. if the acid were to spit out of the flask the mass would decrease and the results would be inaccurate.
2. the mass decreases when carbon dioxide is formed as a product and escapes due to the cotton wool.

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When the temperature is increasing, the particles gain more kinetic energy. The kinetic energy makes the particles move faster and this leads to more frequent successful collisions.

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The cotton wool was to stop the acid from spitting out of the flask but so air can enter and exit the flask.

The mass decreased because the gas exited the flask when the particles had reacted and formed the gas.

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Reaction T was the fastest because it had a steeper slop than reaction R and S.

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Reaction T was the fastest because it ended at 4.5 minutes, S was completed at 4.7 and R took 8. T also used up the most particles indicating it had a higher concentration of reactant particles. This would cause more successful collisions so it would react the quickest. The steep gradient of graph R also suggests a lot of the reactive particles were used up very quickly.

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A catalyst increases the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy, it does this by providing another path for the particles.

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B

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lily
b

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To block the aperture but also let air in. The mass decreases as the gas produced escapes the flask

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- the balanced reading decreases overtime because the reactant particles are being used up, resulting in the weight to decrease.
- the slope decreases overtime which shows the process of the particles reacting. as the particles react by successful collisions there will be less reactant particles overtime resulting in the reaction rate decreasing.
- it finished at 8mins

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1.The cotton wool is used to prevent the acid to come out when the gas is released\
2. The mass decrease because the gas can go through the cotton wool

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1. The purpose of the cotton wool is to prevent the acid coming out, but still allowing air to enter the flask.
2. The mass decreases because the gas being produced escapes the flask through the cotton wool.

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b

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- the cotton wool prevents any acid spitting out from the flask but allows air to go into the flask
- the mass decreases because the gas escaped due to the cotton wool.

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The cotton is there to prevent any acid from spitting out during the reaction.
The mass decreased because the gas produce could go though the cotton wool and in to the air.

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When you increase the temperature then the kinetic energy of the particles increases so the particles will get more active and then the more frequent successful collisions will increase thus increasing the rate of reaction.

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When temperature is increased particles gain more kinetic energy. The kinetic energy makes the particles move around quicker. If the particles are moving quicker they are more likely to reach the activation energy and successfully collide with another particle and react.

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B

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reaction T was the fastest as the reaction was completed in 4.5 mins. whereas, reaction S is completed in about 4.7 mins and then reaction R was only completed in 8mins.

when the gradient is steeper the reaction is faster

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B

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To block the acid from spitting out but also let the gas out. The mass decreases as the gas produced escapes the flask

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It decreases overtime because the reactant are being used up  and some of the produce are escaping in to the air.
The decreasing slop tells us that the reactants are being used up ,meaning that there are less frequent collisions decreases the rate of reaction.
The reaction took 8 minutes

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1. The balanced reading decreases overtime because the reactant particles are being used up

2.the slope decreases overtime at a decreasing rate as the particles react by successful collisions there will be less reactant particles overtime, resulting in the reaction rate to decrease

3.it will finish about in 8 minutes.

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lily
Because all of the reactant particles are there, the balance reading drops over time and stops. The possibility of a successful collision reduces as reactant particles are gradually reduced.

The slope of the curve is decreasing due to the fact that the particles are slowly converting into product particles, slowing down the rate.

the reaction was complete at around 8 mins

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the cotton wool was used allow air to come out of the flask but also to prevent any acid spitting out, so then we know that any change in mass is from the gas escaping and not the acid.

the mass decreases because the gas escapes from the flask.

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The reading decreases because the reaction has come to a stop because the particles are being used up and there aren't as many successful collisions
The slope shows that the reaction is slowing down and decreasing at a decreasing rate so the particles are being used up
8 minutes