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Thermoregulation is a negative feedback - whenever change occurs in a system, it is automatically corrected to the original state

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1) Same as when the body is too hot
2) Sweat glands stop releasing sweat
3) Hair sticks up to trap a pocket of air
4) Vasoconstriction - blood vessels constrict, letting less blood through so less heat is lost

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hormones= chemical messengers= produced in glands= released into bloodstream

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1)  Thermoreceptors detects the drop in body temperature and the hypothalamus initiating several heating mechanisms.
2) Sweat stops producing
3) Shiver- body uses these rapid short muscle movements require energy from respiration producing more thermal energy, 4) Hair stands up straight to make pockets of air that act as insulation
5) Vasocontraction occurs where the arterioles contract and less blood is near the surface of the skin so less heat is radiated from the body.

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vasoconstriction

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vasodilation

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxhktv4/revision/2

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Days 1 to 12 - oestrogen gradually increases and peaks approximately on the 12th day. Progesterone, stays approximately at the same level and begins to increase slightly from around day 12.

Oestrogen drops during days 13 and 14, and progesterone continues to gradually increase until about day 21, when it slowly beings to decrease again. Oestrogen mirrors this shape and also has a second lower peak at about day 21.

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Oestrogen and progesterone in the control of the menstrual cycle - Hormones in human reproduction - Edexcel - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

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Days 1 to 12 - oestrogen gradually increases and peaks approximately on the 12th day. Progesterone, stays approximately at the same level and begins to increase slightly from around day 12. Oestrogen drops during days 13 and 14, and progesterone continues to gradually increase until about day 21, when it slowly beings to decrease again.

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1) Thermoreceptors detect rise in body temperature so it sends impulses to the hypothalamus to initiate cooling mechanisms.
2) Sweating- sweat glands release sweat to evaporate from the skin to cool off body
3) Hair lies flat so no pockets of insulating air can be made to trap thermal energy
4) Vasodilation- arterioles dilate, more blood near the skin surface, more heat being radiated away from body

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Hormones are chemical messengers produced in the glands and then released into the bloodstream.

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negative feedback

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The ability to control the body's internal temperature

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Thermoreceptors= detect change in temperature ---> impulse Hypothalamus ---> impulse effectors to maintain body temperature (homeostatic level)

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is produced by the in times of fear or stress. It targets vital organs, increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles. Preparing the body for 'flight or fight'. Adrenaline is controlled by negative feedback.

When adrenaline is released into the bloodstream it creates multiple effects:

1. increases breathing rate, heart rate (therefore blood flow) and blood pressure

2. conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver cells, increasing blood glucose

These effects result in more glucose being delivered to the muscles and more energy being released by respiration in the muscles.

The effects of adrenaline allow the body to prepare for action in situations where a quick response may be needed.

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Adrenaline - Higher - Coordination and control - The human endocrine system - Edexcel - GCSE Combined Science Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

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is produced by the in times of fear or stress. It targets vital organs, increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles. Preparing the body for 'flight or fight'. Adrenaline is controlled by negative feedback.

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Thermoregulation= example of homeostasis

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thermoregulation- maintains internal body temperature (37ºC for humans)