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https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002098.pub2/full?highlightAbstract=телемедицина
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02309391/full?highlightAbstract=teleconfer%7Cteleconference%7Cteleconferenc
https://www.rosnaczdrav.ru/articles/telemedicina_v_kazahstane
https://youtu.be/x9McsBn0d64

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Kazakhstani doctors and scientific specialists fully support the general opinion about telemedicine. This innovation (for medicine in Kazakhstan) will allow:

significantly reduce the budget expenditures of medical institutions, which will no longer have to spend money on paying for their employees' business trips;

to speed up and optimize the work related to the transfer of medical data many times, i.e. practically the entire structure of the medical institution;

to join the achievements of European medicine, which significantly improve the qualifications of Kazakhstan's own specialists;

to significantly reduce the state budget expenditures on the provision of medical services to the population, because the transition to electronic medical records will significantly reduce the cost of equipping ordinary doctors' offices (therapeutic offices and pre-medical care offices may disappear altogether);

to speed up and simplify the procedure of many types of medical care for the population (when for many primary consultations you can even stay at home – this is especially important for seriously ill elderly people) and make the services of European doctors more accessible.

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Development of telemedicine in Kazakhstan

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Development of telemedicine in Kazakhstan

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Over the past few years, the Republic of Kazakhstan has been trying to implement projects related to the development of the national telemedicine sphere. As elsewhere, telemedicine here implies two big aspects:

increasing the level of education and professionalism of medical specialists due to the fact that leading doctors, professors and academics will be able to give lectures and organize seminars to a large number of specialists at a distance, also novice surgeons will be able to "attend" all complex operations and visually observe the most subtle aspects of the procedure;
improving the quality of medical care for the population – not only due to the growth of professionalism of doctors, but also taking into account the ability of patients to use the services of nonresident specialists without making trips to other cities.

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There are global and local types of teleconference.

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There are global and local types of teleconference.

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The software takes over such basic functions as including materials in a teleconference, sending notifications about new information arrivals, and fulfilling orders. There are means of audio conferences. Here, the call, connection and subsequent conversation are no different from telephone communication, but the web is used for these purposes. An electronic bulletin board is a development that is very close to a teleconference for a multifunctional purpose, it allows you to quickly and centrally send messages to most users. The BBS software combines the means of e-mail, file sharing and teleconference. At the moment, the technology of real-time desktop conferencing is developing more and more actively. Depending on the type of shared information , there are several levels of it: - regular email session; - joint work on a document without using voice communication; - joint processing of a document with voice communication; - video conference. As you can see, a teleconference is a modern way of communicating users in real time, allowing them to quickly solve current issues.

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The teleconference system has been a fairly popular way of communicating several groups of people at the same time for more than one year. Most often, this method is used in business to hold meetings at a distance. Now a teleconference is not just one of the ways to show that the company is moving with the times, not just an image element, but a very effective and useful tool. The essence of this technology is the ability to hold meetings, training or meetings, being at a decent distance from each other, in an atmosphere as close as possible to live communication, that is, with the use of equipment for recording and subsequent broadcasting of sound and video in real time.

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Telemedicine - what is it?

The development of telemedicine in the world.

Researches.Research results.

The impact of medical care provided by telemedicine.

Teleconference.General description.

How does a teleconference work?

Types of teleconference.

Development of telemedicine in Kazakhstan

Conclusion.The materials used.

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Online broadcast of surgical operations. 

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Online broadcast of surgical operations. 

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The use of webcams with the ability to transmit various information over the Internet allows you to broadcast the operation. This area of telemedicine is also used for telenastavnichestvo, when a more experienced specialist remotely monitors the actions of his colleague online. During the operation, one specialist can transmit images of various medical equipment (microscope, endoscope or operating table) recorded by digital video cameras to his colleague. In addition, it is possible to transmit telemetric information (about the patient's blood pressure, pulse rate, etc.).

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Medical seminars, conferences and lectures broadcast by the videoconferencing system enable higher-level specialists to share their knowledge and skills not only theoretically, but also practically. Thus, more experienced specialists can even remotely monitor the progress of operations and give practical advice to their colleagues.

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In telemedicine, remote consultations and diagnostics of patients are considered the most common and popular service. With the help of video conferencing systems, a full-fledged audio-visual contact is established between the consultant doctor and the patient. Thus, the patient and the doctor can not only see and hear each other, but also exchange graphic and text data (for example, an X-ray of the patient or a doctor's license).

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How to conduct medical consultation by telehealth videoconference using Zoom

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How to conduct medical consultation by telehealth videoconference using Zoom

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How to conduct medical consultation by telehealth videoconference using Zoom

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The impact of medical care provided by telemedicine

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The impact of medical care provided by telemedicine

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We were able to combine data from 16 studies involving patients with heart failure (confidence in evidence – from high to moderate), and 21 studies involving patients with diabetes (confidence in evidence – from high to low). The results of these studies provide a good idea of the possible impact of medical care provided through telemedicine on the outcomes of patients with these conditions. The results from other studies are less unambiguous due to the relatively small number of studies in which patients with other clinical conditions participated.Pragmatic studies over multiple sites are also needed to show that individual site set‐up costs are low enough to make the overall strategy cost‐effective. Evidence on the acceptability to both patients and health professionals is also limited, future studies should attempt to capture patients views and assess how TM fits within a local health system. Finally, the reporting of data can be improved to allow data to be combined from different studies.

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Telemedicine provided remote monitoring (55 studies), or real‐time video‐conferencing (38 studies), which was used either alone or in combination.In 7 studies, which involved patients with various mental disorders and substance abusers who cause the development of addiction, reported no differences in the effects of video consultations and face-to-face consultations. Results from other studies varied; there was some evidence that monitoring through telemedicine improved blood pressure control in participants with hypertension, and several studies reported improvements in participants with respiratory diseases. In studies that involved patients who needed specialist advice about dermatological conditions/diseases, reported no differences between the groups.

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The included studies recruited patients with the following clinical conditions: cardiovascular disease (36), diabetes (21), respiratory conditions (9), mental health or substance abuse conditions (7), conditions requiring a specialist consultation (6), co morbidities (3), urogenital conditions (3), neurological injuries and conditions (2), gastrointestinal conditions (2), neonatal conditions requiring specialist care (2), solid organ transplantation (1), and cancer (1).

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To assess the effectiveness, acceptability and costs of interactive TM as an alternative to, or in addition to, usual care (i.e. face‐to‐face care, or telephone consultation).

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Telemedicine (TM) is the use of telecommunication systems to deliver health care at a distance.It has the potential to improve patient health outcomes, access to health care and reduce healthcare costs.As TM applications continue to evolve it is important to understand the impact TM might have on patients, healthcare professionals and the organisation of care. Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient.