# data[].attributes.body
-justification for why i am interviewing
-what type of interviewing? semi structured? why this?
-what type of sampling? purposive? random? why?

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why is shreveport important location-wise?

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why is shreveport important location-wise?

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legal professionals' concern with privacy and surveillance

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legal professionals' concern with privacy and surveillance

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cornerstone sources

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why should anyone care? whats the importance of my findings/how can they contribute

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cornerstone sources

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and how does it connect to previous studies?

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This can have dire effects
COPS pretrial source: “A lack of reliability can have devastating

consequences for defendants and the broader community…... For example, if mistakenly rated as high risk, a low-risk defendant may not be recommended for release on bond. Alternatively,a high-risk defendant misclassified as low risk could be released on bond.”

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"“Their supporters believe these tools can to reduce overcrowding in jails by reliably identifying low-risk offenders who could be released" Christin A source

"In particular, risk assessment tools can help reduce recidivism by clarifying when intensive supervision or treatment is truly needed. This is a compelling justification for their use, since recidivism rates among justice-involved populations remain frustratingly high. In a national study consisting of a cohort of more than 400,000 state prisoners released in 2005, for example, 41 percent were re-arrested within a year following release" Picard-fritsche

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this "big data" seen in many ways, for example, the integration of AI into healthcare, is a cause of concern for some... very CONTROVERSIAL...
- healthcare evidence:
""Although AI can offer potential solutions to combat human bias, it can also widen existing divisions in the provision of health care. The most obvious concern is the inequitable deployment of new technologies…Innovative solutions such as personalized medicine are usually very costly and thus are likely to remain unavailable to poor and vulnerable groups, exacerbating inequalities in access to and the quality of health care."
Another example of this big data is ARAIs in the CJS system. "In sentencing, their use is largely new and remains fast-expanding: today at least twenty states use these tools in some or all sentencing decisions, and many more plus the federal government are considering reforms that would introduce them" Overdue debate source

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Sarah Brayne source: "As one captain explained, relying on data rather than human interpretation helped avoid misallocating resources"
Demichele: "unstructured human judgment is flawed and routinely results in "inconsistent assessment of base rates, poor understanding of probabilities of outcomes, and little understanding of the influence of irrelevant information""

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does not enforce racial bias and discrimination

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does not enforce racial bias and discrimination

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-wisconsin supreme court source: in fact, even supreme court orders have argued against this, for example the wisco supreme court.....
evidence: "The judge concluded that “the use of gender as a factor in the risk assessment served the nondiscriminatory purpose of promoting accuracy…..Moreover, as COMPAS uses only publicly available data and data provided by the defendant, the court concluded that Loomis (defendant) could have denied or explained any information that went into making the report and therefore could have verified the accuracy of the information used in sentencing.”

in fact, states that  (us courts evidence): it can be argued that current criminal courts are "biased against poor minorities due to a wide variety of reasons ….and therefore, regardless of the degree of bias, risk assessment tools informed by objective data can help reduce racial bias from its current level. It would be a shame if policymakers mistakenly thought that risk assessment tools were somehow worse than the status quo

they concluded: “In all instances, we failed to find evidence of predictive bias by race in the COMPAS."

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Tay evidence 1: "“One of the problems of AI is that false data results and racist data—implicit and intentional—may also be produced, leading to disparate outcomes.
USE THIS IF I HAVE ROOM IN WC:“Tay” was an AI bot designed and released by Microsoft Corporation in 2016.162 It was designed to mirror the language patterns of a nineteen-year-old girl and programmed to learn all human interactions by interacting with people via Twitter.163 Within sixteen hours, Tay had to be shut down due to several racist, anti-Semitic, and sexually charged messages in response to other Twitter users.”

-propublica evidence 2: their study concluded that "Black defendants were still 77 percent more likely to be pegged as at higher risk of committing a future violent crime and 45 percent more likely to be predicted to commit a future crime of any kind."

Overdue debate: "“Professor Harcourt argues that risk factors like prior arrests are essentially ‘‘proxies for race,’’ and that further expanding the influence of criminal history by incorporating it into risk assessments in sentencing and parole will exacerbate existing racial disparities."

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How CJS system operates with and without AI

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How CJS system operates with and without AI

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Exclusion of RAI findings from court cases 

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Exclusion of RAI findings from court cases 

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can lead to not as much evidence in case which can skew results

sarah brayne: "When we asked a judge whether he considered risk scores when making decisions, he said that he usually did not..."
even when RAI's decisions ARE considered, due to the stigma that revolves around the tools, canada umpire source found that "in some jurisdictions that administer a risk/needs assessment as part of the investigative process, by express policy, those drafting PSRs either avoid referring to the use of the assessment, or pointedly exclude the result from the report to the court, or both.
THIS IS INEFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION.

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Why is it so important? current controversy around AI:

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Why is it so important? current controversy around AI:

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RAIs are used for not only sentencings, but " also commonly used to guide policing, bail decisions, diversion

programs, prison assignment and programming, probation and parole supervision, discretionary parole

decisions, and reentry programs" overdue debate

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Christin A source: "risk-assessment tools typically provide an estimate of an offender’s risk of recidivism or failure to appear when on bail, often expressed in a range of “low” to “high” risk."

How RAI is comprised:
Virginia source: "offender characteristics and demographics, current offense information, prior adult criminal record, and prior juvenile contact with legal authorities."
Picard-fritsche: "based on correlations between common risk factors (e.g., unemployment, lack of education, criminal history) and race”"

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This leads to.... STIGMA....which leads to ineffective implementation due to

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why these are bad/ineffective for implementation

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why these are bad/ineffective for implementation

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Resistance to Implementation from legal professionals

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Resistance to Implementation from legal professionals

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canada source: "Even when judges are made aware that a risk-assessment instrument is being applied, objective results achieved on one or more assessment instruments are regularly ‘‘overridden’’ by formal ministry policies in several provinces"

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sarah brayne: "In both cases, we found processes of professional resistance, including foot-dragging and data obfuscation, fueled by similar fears of surveillance and deskilling"

"When we were able to read through the defendants’ files, we realized that the risk scores sheets were often placed towards the end of the file; they were generally not annotated, in contrast to the first 50 pages of the file. "

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DEFINE it.
WHY is it important?
evidence: 2 sources from drive (PUT EVIDENCE HERE)
also 2 cornerstone sources need be