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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo/Mexican Cession - 1848

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo/Mexican Cession - 1848

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This ended the Mexican-American war and gave America the territories of California and New Mexico. This leads to more tension between the south and north because of the fight over slavery and whether it should be outlawed or not in the new territories. The northerners had a great worry for the imbalance of slave and free states.

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Part of a national third party movement which supported free grants of public land to settlers and opposed the extension of slavery into western territories. By creating a third party, differences in political ideas became more relevant, as there were 3 seperated who had different beliefs.

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Taylor(Whig) defeated Senator Lewis Cass(Democrat). Taylor encouraged New Mexico and California to become states and to write the legal status of slavery into the constitutions. Southerners objected to the quick admittance of two probable free states and threatened to succeed.

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Act that called for admission of California as a free state: it provided territorial government for Utah and New Mexico, established a boundary between Texas and the US, amended the Fugitive Slave Act. The act put an imbalance on free and slave states.

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Required that slaves be returned to their masters, even if they were caught in a free state. Abolitionists were upset with this Act, adding on to the apprehension between free and slave states.

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Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that followed the struggles of a slave who had been sold multiple times and had to endure the physical brutality of his masters. Despite all of this remained loyal to Christian beliefs. This book spread awareness to the country about the sickening ways that slaves were treated, which abolitionists were extremely agitated by.

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Pierce was the 14th president(democrat). He believed that abolitionism was a threat to the nation's unity. His belief contributed to the sectionalism between the North and South, as the northern abolitionists were angered by the president's stance.

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Repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty(principle that people are the source of its political power). It angered the north because more slave states were let in, making it unbalanced and increasing sectionalism between north and south.

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A new party emerged to combat the expansion of slavery into new territories after the Kansas Nebraska Act. It was made up of Northern Protestants, factory workers, farmers, and businessmen. It gave the democrats a new political opponent that opposed all their beleifs.

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Series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas territory into a lesser extent in western Missouri. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in Kansas. One of the first instances of civil war in America paved the path for the future true War.

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Representative Preston Brooks (Democrat) from SC, used a walking cane to attack Charles Sumner (abolitionist republican) from Massachusetts. This was the first sighting of political violence and made the hatred and divide of the politicians grow more.

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Buchanan (Democratic) defeated John C. Fremont, a part of the newly formed Republican party. Buchanan's indecisiveness on the topic of slavery, just allowed for the build up to further accumulate and reach the boiling point right as he left office, leaving the matter for his successor, Abraham Lincoln.

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The decision of the Supreme Court to not extend American citizenship to african americans, even those who were freed from slavery, created an even further divide in african americans and whites as well as the North and South because they had different stances on the matter.

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This was the second of four proposed constitutions for the proposed state of Kansas. It approved slavery in the state which overruled the Missouri Compromise, but went along with the Kansas-Nebraska act. The north did not like that it would create even more of an imbalance in congress.

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Abolitionist John Brown, initiated a slave revolt in the southern states by overtaking the US arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. This saw some of the first true violence pre-civil war and is often called the Prelude to the Civil War.

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Lincoln won this election without getting a single vote from any slave states at all. His stance on slavery was very clear, that he disapproved of it, and this election is what lead to the very near future, prompting the start of the civil war.

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The state seceded from the Union, meaning it was its own sovereign body. This led to 6 more states seceding and 4 others threatening it. This was because of the election of Lincoln and the fact that slavery would be outlawed with him in power.

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This compromise was an attempt to enshrine slavery in the constitution, making it impossible for future members of Congress to make it illegal. This was the last push before the start of the war, as both sides had became fed up with the back and forth laws.