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The sperm is a tiny cell that carries 23 chromosomes from the father.
The egg is a giant cell containing 23 chromosomes from the mother.
Once joined, the organism is called a zygote and now contains 46 chromosomes.

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When each set of 23 chromosomes joins, 22 pairs are matched and are called autosomes. Those chromosomes look and function alike.
The 23rd pair of chromosomes, will either contain a matched pair or a mismatched pair. In the matched pair, the result is a female. In the mismatched pair, the result is a male.

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Chromosomes are the carriers of heredity yet cells differentiate during prenatal development.
This process is used to describe the emergence of specialized cells and systems of cells.
It is now understood that factors outside of the hereditary material can influence how hereditary material functions.

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Prenatal Development - The first 60 days

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Prenatal Development - The first 60 days

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Incredibly, this period of growth is the most rapid time for the fetus.
Within the first 24 hours the cell has its first division and continues to divide every 12-15 hours.
The heart chamber develops at 25 days, arms and hands at 32 days, vertabrae at 36 days, and retina, nose, and fingers at 52 days.

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Prenatal Development - Months 3 through 6

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Prenatal Development - Months 3 through 6

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As early as 12 weeks, a fetus is a fully formed human with all of their body parts.
For the next 6 months the fetus continues to grow and develop.

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Prenatal Development - Months 6 through 9

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Prenatal Development - Months 6 through 9

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During this time, the fetus is considered able to survive outside the womb.
The lungs and heart have grown and developed enough to potentially function outside of the womb.

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After a little over 9 months, generally 38 weeks, the mother will deliver the baby.
At that time, the baby's organs, especially the heart and lungs are fully formed and completely functional.
They generally range in weight from about 6-9 pounds and approximately 19-23 inches long.

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Broderick, P. C. & Blewitt, P. (2020). The life span: human development for helping professionals. Pearson Education, Inc.