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The Miloli‘i Ahupua‘a is a traditional Hawaiian land and sea division located on Hawai‘i Island, rooted in Native Hawaiian subsistence and stewardship. It represents a living example of how communities practice sustainable marine resource management based on ancestral knowledge.

This article explores how indigenous worldviews can shape sustainable fisheries management in Hawai‘i and Aotearoa New Zealand. It argues that “Native Hawaiian worldviews incorporate people into ecosystem dynamics” and that “TEK [Traditional Ecological Knowledge]… is critical to sustainable management.”

The article supports empowering communities like Miloli‘i to manage resources using traditional practices embedded in place-based knowledge.

From a Native Hawaiian perspective, this article would resonate because it advocates for mālama ‘āina (caring for the land), aloha ‘āina (love for the land), and lōkahi (balance). The emphasis on incorporating kupuna (elders) knowledge and honoring mo‘olelo (stories/traditions).

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This Dept. of Land and Resoruces article announces the formal adoption of administrative rules designating Miloli‘i on Hawai‘i Island as a Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA). This designation aims to ensure sustainable fish populations and high-quality fishing for current and future generations, while reaffirming and perpetuating traditional Native Hawaiian fishing practices along the southwest coast of Hawai‘i Island.

Miloli‘i, often referred to as "The Last Fishing Village in Hawai‘i," is recognized for preserving traditional Hawaiian fishing practices. The CBSFA designation is a culmination of extensive community-led efforts, particularly by the local group Kalanihale, in collaboration with the DLNR's Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR). Together, they developed rules that blend traditional knowledge with modern scientific understanding to manage the area's marine resources effectively.

The established rules include size and bag limits for species such as pāku‘iku‘i, kole, uhu, opihi, and ula; seasonal restrictions for kole, ‘ōpelu, ‘ū‘ū, and uhu; prohibitions on taking terminal males of larger uhu species and female ‘a‘ama with eggs; bans on harvesting ‘opihi kō‘ele; and a prohibition on commercial aquarium fishing. Additionally, specific gear and species restrictions are applied within several sub-areas of the CBSFA.

This initiative reflects the community's commitment to mālama i ke kai (care for the sea) and aloha ‘āina (love for the land), ensuring that traditional practices and the health of marine ecosystems are preserved for future generations.

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06/09/22 MILOLI‘I COMMUNITY BASED SUBSISTENCE FISHING AREA BECOMES REALITY

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(HONOLULU) – Today, the State Board of Land and Natural Resources (BLNR) adopted Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) to designate the Miloli‘i Community Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA), on Hawai‘i Island.

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The article "Miloliʻi: The Last Fishing Village on the Island of Hawaiʻi" delves into the unique cultural and fishing practices of Miloliʻi, emphasizing its status as Hawaiʻi's last functioning fishing village. It highlights traditional methods like using koa canoes and bone hooks, and the community's adherence to kapu systems to ensure sustainable fishing. The piece underscores the importance of mālama ʻāina (caring for the land) and the deep connection between the people and their environment, portraying Miloliʻi as a living example of Indigenous resilience and ecological stewardship.

https://kupaaiau.wordpress.com/2020/05/04/miloli%CA%BBi-the-last-fishing-village-on-the-island-of-hawai%CA%BBi/

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The article “Emergence of co-management governance for Hawai‘i coral reef fisheries” talks about how local communities and the state are starting to work together to manage reef fisheries. It says, “co-management has emerged as a viable governance approach,” and that “community-based subsistence fishing areas… integrate traditional knowledge with formal management structures.” This is important for places like Miloliʻi, where local knowledge and cultural practices help take care of the ocean. Indigenous perspectives matter here because they treat the ocean as family, not just a resource, and their deep understanding of place helps make management more meaningful and effective.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959378014001332

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Legal Case study on ocean land management

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Legal Case study on ocean land management

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This case study delves into how traditional Hawaiian values and land stewardship practices continue to shape conservation efforts today. Central to this is the concept of hoʻolokahi, meaning unity and harmony among people, nature, and spiritual forces. This philosophy underpins the ahupuaʻa system—a traditional land division stretching from mountains to sea—designed to ensure sustainable resource use and community well being.

The study notes that “Hawaiians practice nurturing of the land to produce resources and they harvest only what is necessary for subsistence and prosperity,” highlighting a deep respect for the ʻāina (land) and its resources. However, it also points out challenges in translating these practices into modern legal frameworks, stating that “many Hawaiian values and concepts remain hard to translate because they don’t fit into modern legal concepts.”

The Main Hawaiian Islands contain the largest reef area in the United States, providing room for dispute and varying perspectives in terms of management regimes and conservation efforts.

https://cases.open.ubc.ca/a-contemporary-exploration-of-native-hawaiian-preferences-practices-and-involvement-in-ocean-and-land-management-hawaii-usa/

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Hawaiian values, land management history, and State conservation efforts.

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A contemporary exploration of Native Hawaiian preferences, practices, and involvement in ocean and land management (Hawaii, USA) | Open Case Studies

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The holistic values of Hawaiian culture are based on ho’olokahi; to bring unity and harmony among humanity, nature and spiritual forces.

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This report by Maurin and Peck (2008) documents the creation and success of the West Hawai‘i Fisheries Council (WHFC), a community-based effort to manage marine resources along the Big Island’s west coast.

Sparked by tensions over aquarium fish collecting, the WHFC was founded under Act 306, which mandated “substantive involvement of the community in resource management decisions.” The Council established nine Fish Replenishment Areas (FRAs), covering 35.2% of the coastline, and promoted culturally sensitive regulations, including sea urchin harvests requested by kupuna. Miloli‘i plays a key role as one of the Local Resource Councils established to “make the work of the WHFC more locally relevant” and inclusive of isolated Hawaiian communities.

The report notes, “Hawaiian communities located far from the Kona area…are well-represented and their concerns not overlooked.” Indigenous values like pono and collective stewardship are embedded in WHFC’s approach, creating space for Native voices and traditional practices within contemporary marine governance.

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Credit: TripAdvisor.com

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This is the place I would want to go most, outside of the fisheries, inside Ahupua’a Miloli’i, my good friend Keawekūloa grew up close to here and told me all about it. Credit: TravelCompositions.com

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This map shows you the general area, and its geography to give you a better perspective on where all of these fisheries are.

https://mapstore.mytopo.com/products/ustopo_hawaii_milolii

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2017 topographic map quadrangle Milolii in the state of Hawaii. Scale: 1:24000. Based on the newly updated USGS 7.5′ US Topo map series, this map is in the following counties: Hawaii. The map contains contour data, water features, and other items you are used to seeing on USGS maps, but also has updated roads and other

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How Miloli’i changed geographically over time

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How Miloli’i changed geographically over time

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https://mapstore.mytopo.com/products/historic_7-5x7-5_milolii_hawaii

This link will take you to a map which shows the changes to Miloli’i over time. If you swipe left and right you can see the older and even older maps which shows very different topography and how it changes over time.

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The article “Miloliʻi: The Last Fishing Village on the Island of Hawaiʻi” by Ross Vincent R. Takafuji explores the cultural and ecological importance of Miloliʻi, a remote community that still practices traditional Hawaiian fishing.

It emphasizes that “Fishing was and still is an integral part of the lives of the people of Miloli‘i,” and describes the use of koa canoes, bone hooks, and the kapu system to manage fishing seasons. The village reflects the values of the ahupua‘a system, where land and sea are cared for together. As the article states, “In the case of the ahupua‘a of Miloli‘i, large rocks, rugged lava terrain, and small cliffs make for conditions in which fishing must be done in a more pelagic zone.” This connection to place shapes both technique and community structure.

For Kānaka Maoli, Miloli‘i represents resilience and the continued practice of mālama ʻāina. “Caring for one’s ‘āina…has been central,” the article notes, showing how Indigenous knowledge continues to guide life and stewardship in the village.

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https://www.alamy.com/milolii-big-island-of-hawaii-hawaii-image329509502.html

Shows off the glistening clear water with a viridescent aquatic plant life underneath the water making a perfect environment for fish and other marine animals.

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This PBS Hawaiʻi documentary explores Miloliʻi's enduring cultural practices and its status as one of the last traditional fishing villages in Hawaiʻi.​ I wanted to show specifically the net fishing on the small boats that some of the uncles took part in.

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This video documents the Hōkūleʻa's visit to Miloliʻi, highlighting the village's cultural significance and traditional fishing practices.​ This pilgrimage stopping here truly paid respect to all of the native people here who have been working on the water for so many generations.

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Shows how all of the families of the area used to pride themselves on catching the ‘Opelu fish, and how each different family had a different canoe. And, how lived off of it and relied on it, and how it was a fun family activity meanwhile being essential for their survival. It was also essential for their trade and making any money at all.

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The article from Big Island Video News reports that on June 9, 2022, the State Board of Land and Natural Resources adopted administrative rules designating Miloli‘i, a coastal village in South Kona, as a Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA). This designation aims to ensure sustainable fish populations and preserve traditional Native Hawaiian fishing practices.

Key regulations under the CBSFA include:

Size and bag limits for species such as pāku‘iku‘i, kole, uhu, opihi, and ula.

Seasonal restrictions for kole, ‘ōpelu, ‘ū‘ū, and uhu.

Prohibitions on harvesting terminal male uhu, egg-bearing female ‘a‘ama, and ‘opihi kō‘ele.

A ban on commercial aquarium fishing.

Specific gear and species restrictions within designated sub-areas.

The CBSFA designation is particularly significant for Miloli‘i, often referred to as “The Last Fishing Village in Hawai‘i,” where traditional fishing remains a central part of daily life and cultural identity. The community group Kalanihale played a pivotal role in developing these rules, reflecting a collaborative effort between residents and the state to manage and protect marine resources.

This initiative not only safeguards the ecological health of the region but also reinforces Miloli‘i's cultural heritage, ensuring that traditional fishing practices can continue for future generations.

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The article from Big Island Video News reports that on June 9, 2022, the State Board of Land and Natural Resources adopted administrative rules designating Miloli‘i, a coastal village in South Kona, as a Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA). This designation aims to ensure sustainable fish populations and preserve traditional Native Hawaiian fishing practices.

Key regulations under the CBSFA include:

Size and bag limits for species such as pāku‘iku‘i, kole, uhu, opihi, and ula.

Seasonal restrictions for kole, ‘ōpelu, ‘ū‘ū, and uhu.

Prohibitions on harvesting terminal male uhu, egg-bearing female ‘a‘ama, and ‘opihi kō‘ele.

A ban on commercial aquarium fishing.

Specific gear and species restrictions within designated sub-areas.

The CBSFA designation is particularly significant for Miloli‘i, often referred to as “The Last Fishing Village in Hawai‘i,” where traditional fishing remains a central part of daily life and cultural identity. The community group Kalanihale played a pivotal role in developing these rules, reflecting a collaborative effort between residents and the state to manage and protect marine resources.

This initiative not only safeguards the ecological health of the region but also reinforces Miloli‘i's cultural heritage, ensuring that traditional fishing practices can continue for future generations.

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The 2012 Draft Environmental Assessment (DEA) for the Miloliʻi Community Enrichment and Historical Center outlines plans for a 4,800-square-foot facility in the ahupuaʻa of Miloliʻi, South Kona. This center aims to serve as a hub for cultural, educational, and community activities, addressing the long-standing need for a dedicated gathering space.

Situated within the traditional land division of ahupuaʻa, the project emphasizes the importance of place in Native Hawaiian culture. The DEA notes that the center will support "public meetings, cultural activities, and educational and recreational programs," reflecting the community's commitment to preserving its heritage.

For Native Hawaiians, such a center is vital for perpetuating cultural practices and fostering community cohesion. The DEA highlights that the project will "address the community’s long-recognized need for a permanent, covered community center," underscoring its significance in sustaining the cultural fabric of Miloliʻi.

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Miloliʻi, Hawaiʻi's last traditional fishing village, has officially become the state's second Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA). This designation, signed into law by Governor David Ige, empowers the local community to manage their coastal waters, blending ancestral fishing knowledge with modern conservation practices.

For generations, Miloliʻi's residents have relied on the ocean's bounty, practicing sustainable fishing methods passed down through time. The CBSFA ensures that these traditions continue, safeguarding marine resources for future generations.

Governor Ige emphasized the importance of this initiative, stating, "We need young people to carry this work forward and encourage other communities to create community-based subsistence fishing areas for the benefit and future of the entire state."

This move not only preserves the cultural heritage of Miloliʻi but also serves as a model for sustainable resource management, demonstrating how communities can lead in protecting their natural environments.