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Examples:

1. lucid (meaning “clear”) + -ity (meaning “state or quality”)

2. periphrastic

peri (meaning "around") + phrastic ("expression")

3. unerringly

un (not) + erring (making a mistake) + -ly (in a manner of)

4. retrospection

retro (backward) + spect (to look) + -ion (act or process)

5. immutable

im (not) + mutable (changeable)

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Examples:

1. home + work= homework

2. pick + pocket= pickpocket

3. wind + mill= windmill

4. loud + mouth= loudmouth

5. break + through= breakthrough

6. hearth + throb= heartthrob

7. time + lapse= time-lapse

8. day + dream= daydream

9. finger + print= fingerprint

10. moon + light=

moonlight

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1. stream - From rivers to digital media.

2. cloud - From weather phenomena to online data storage.

3. virus - From medical biology to computer malware.

4. anchor - From ships to broadcasting.

5. dashboard - From cars to computer interfaces.

6. spam - From processed meat to unwanted digital messages.

7. crane - From birds to construction equipment.

8. log - From cut trees to data records.

9. thread - From sewing to online discussions.

10. tweet - From bird sounds to social med posts.

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Examples:

A. Noun to Verb

A noun is used as a verb in the sentence.

1. Let’s google the best restaurant in Taguig.

2. We should email the documents to the office.

3. I’ll text my friend when I get there.

B. Verb to Noun

A verb is used as a noun in the sentence.

1. The walk around Luneta Park was peaceful.

2. That drive to Batangas was exhausting.

3. The talk about Philippine history was engaging.

C. Adjective to Noun

An adjective is used as a noun in the sentence.

1. The richness of Filipino culture is celebrated worldwide.

2. She showed great kindness to the community.

3. The happiness from the fiesta was contagious.

D. Noun to Adjective

A noun is used as an adjective in the sentence.

1. This is childish behavior for someone so mature.

2. Her helpful advice made the event much easier.

3. The noisy streets of Quiapo are always busy.

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Examples:

1. sandwich – Named after John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich.

2. diesel – Named after Rudolf Diesel, inventor of the diesel engine.

3. teddy bear – Named after U.S. President Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt.

4. fahrenheit – From Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, who developed the temperature scale.

5. braille – Named after Louis Braille, creator of the tactile writing system.

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There are 4 types of abbreviation namely, clipping, contraction, acronym, and initialism.

1. Clipping

Back-clipping

Back-clipping removes the end part of the word, leaving just the beginning.

Fore-clipping

Fore-clipping removes the beginning of the word, leaving just the end.

Middle clipping

Middle clipping removes parts from the middle, keeping the beginning and end intact.

Complex clipping

Complex clipping combines parts of two words to form a new word.

2. Contraction is cutting some letters out of words to make them shorter, and occasionally joining two or more words together with an apostrophe in place of the missing letter.

3. Acronym is created by combining the initial letters of many words to form a new word.

4. Initialism is combining the first letters of multiple words, with the result pronounced as individual letters.

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Examples:

1. enthusiasm – enthuse

Enthusiasm refers to intense and eager enjoyment or interest. Enthuse means to show or express enthusiasm. “Enthusiasm” 1600, from French enthousiasme (16c.) and directly from Late Latin enthusiasmus, from Greek enthousiasmos “divine inspiration”.

2. babysitter – babysit

A babysitter is a person who looks after children while the parents are away. Babysit refers to the act of looking after children. “Babysitter” appeared in the early 20th century, while “babysit” became common around the same time.

3. liaison – liaise

Liaison refers to communication or cooperation between two or more parties. Liaise means to establish or maintain communication.

4. emotion – emote

Emotion is a strong feeling, such as joy or anger. Emote means to express emotions, especially in a dramatic manner. “Emotion” appeared in the early 18th century, from Latin emotio (moving, agitation). “Emote” was coined in the early 20th century.

5. television – televise

Television is a system for transmitting moving images and sound. Televise means to broadcast something on television. “Television” was coined in the early 20th century, derived from Greek tele (far) and Latin visio (seeing). “Televise” was first used in the 1930s.

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LOANWORDS

A loanword is a word taken from one language and used in another. These words are also called “borrowed words” or “borrowings.” Interestingly, the term “loanword” itself comes from the German word Lehnwort, making it an example of a “loan translation” (a word or phrase translated from one language to another). However, the term “loanword” can be misleading because, once a word is borrowed, it is rarely ever “returned” to the original language.

Examples:

1. ballet (French) – A type of dance.

2. cafe (French) – A small coffee shop or restaurant.

3. pizza (Italian) – A popular flatbread dish with toppings.

4. taco (Spanish) – A Mexican dish with a folded tortilla.

5. kimono (Japanese) – A traditional Japanese garment

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Onomatopoeia refers to words that mimic or replicate the sounds they describe.

1. roar - Refers to a loud, deep, and powerful sound, often associated with animals like lions or the noise of strong natural forces, engines, or crowds. It conveys intensity and force.

2. howl - A loud, prolonged cry or sound, often expressing distress, emotion, or signaling

3. splash - A sound made when something strikes or moves through water, causing liquid to scatter or a disturbance. Can also be used figuratively to describe something that makes a noticeable impact or attention-grabbing presence.

4. gasp - A quick, audible intake of breath, typically in response to an emotional or physical reaction.

5. pfft - A dismissive or exasperated sound made by blowing air out, expressing disbelief, frustration, or disregard.

6. murmur - A soft, indistinct, or low sound, often associated with quiet speech or gentle noise.

7. sizzles - A hissing or crackling sound, usually made by something hot or frying but can also be used metaphorically to describe something exciting or intense.

8. snap - A sudden, sharp sound or action, often caused by something breaking or snapping into place.

9. shhh - A sound or expression used to ask for silence or to quiet someone.

10. ding-dong- A sound that mimics the sound of a bell, especially a doorbell or a large, resonant bell.

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Reduplication is a word formation process where the root, base, or a part of a word is repeated

1. Total Reduplication

bling-bling

hush-hush

click-click

2. Partial Reduplication

flick-flack

chit-chat

mish-mash

Rhyming Reduplication

holy-moly

mumbo-jumbo

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A nonce word, also known as an occasionalism, is a term created specifically for a particular situation or purpose where no existing word fits. A nonce word ceases to be classified as such once it gains widespread usage or is added to the English dictionary. When used frequently enough, a nonce word can evolve into an informal neologism and be recognized as an official word.ringroundabout

1. jabberwocky

2. ringroundabout

3. grok

4. supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

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Errors are systematic deviations from the native speakers' linguistic norms which arise from misspellings, mishearing, and mispronunciations that contribute to the creation of new forms when combined with other processes.

Examples:

1. nickname

2. varsity

3. cherry

4. pea

5. hamburger

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A blending, also known as a portmanteau or blended word, is formed by combining two separate words with different meanings to form a new one.

Examples:

1. hazmat (hazardous + material) - Refers to substances that pose a danger to health, safety, or the environment, such as chemicals, biological agents, or radioactive materials.

2. ginormous (gigantic + enormous) - A blended word that use to describe something extremely large or huge.

3. smog (smoke + fog) - The air pollution caused by a mixture of smoke, chemicals, and fog, often found in urban areas.

4. spork (spoon + fork) - A hybrid utensil that combines a spoon and a fork, typically used for eating foods that require both scooping and piercing.

5. smash (smack + mash) - To break or crush something with great force, or to hit something very hard.