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We use the past perfect to talk about' the past before the past'.

It corresponds to the trapassato in Italian

1-For a past event that happened before another past event.

es.The robber had already run away when the arrived.

es.Had Jim already left when the burglar broke into hin house?

2-For an action or situation finished before a specific time period in the past.

es.I hadn't finished my project about crime prevention before class.

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1-We often use time references after,as soon as,until,just and already with the past perfect.

2-We use the past perfect after It was the firt/second time..

3-We often use words like before,when and by the time with the past simple.

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DIFFERENZE TRA PAST PERFECT E PAST SIMPLE

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DIFFERENZE TRA PAST PERFECT E PAST SIMPLE

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-We often use the past perfect with the past simple.

-We use the past perfect to clarify the sequence of two actions or to combine two sentences about the past. ex: I had studied German at school before i visited Germany for a holiday last year.

-We use the past perfect fot the earlier action/event and the past simple for the more recent or later action/event. ex: we had just sat down(earlier event) when the waiter brought us the menu(later event).

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+ ---> subject + HAD + past participle (for irregular verbs: 3rd column; for regular verbs: -ED)

ex: I had done my homework.

- ---> subject + HADN'T (had + not) + past participle

ex: I hadn't done my homework.

? ---> HAD + subject + past participle

ex: Had you done your homework?

SHORT ANSWER ---> Yes, I/you/he-she-it/we/you/they had.

---> No, I/you/he-she-it/we/you/they hadn't.