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The Economic Impact of Human Trafficking

The Duken Law Firm. “Does Human Trafficking Help the Economy?” The Dunken Law Firm, 11 March 2020, https://www.thedunkenlawfirm.com/the-economic-impact-of-human-trafficking/. Accessed 3 January 2023.

-"This means that traffickers can count on making a lot of money with little fear of any legal consequences. It is shocking how few offenders are prosecuted and punished for their crimes. Additionally, they have the ability to sell human beings multiple times, whereas products such as drugs can only be sold once. This is what’s known as a high reward, low risk dynamic."
-"Of the $150 billion in profits made each year from human trafficking, more than one-third are from forced labor, whereas the remaining two-thirds are from commercial sexual exploitation. On average, $21,800 can be generated by each sexually exploited victim."

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What Fuels Human Trafficking

Gould, Hannah. “What Fuels Human Trafficking?” UNICEF USA, 13 January 2017, https://www.unicefusa.org/stories/what-fuels-human-trafficking/31692. Accessed 3 January 2023.

- "Lastly, systemic inequalities and disparities make certain groups much more vulnerable to exploitation. Mass displacement, conflict, extreme poverty, lack of access to education and job opportunities, violence and harmful social norms like child marriage are all factors that push individuals into situations of trafficking. Families living in extreme poverty or families in desperate circumstances are more likely to accept risky job offers. When girls aren’t allowed to learn, parents are more likely to sell their daughters to men for marriage."

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An Economic Solution to Human Trafficking

Nelson, Rachel Rose. “An Economic Solution to Human Trafficking - Viewpoints.” Viewpoints, 1 June 2021, https://blog.g20interfaith.org/2021/06/01/an-economic-solution-to-human-trafficking/. Accessed 30 December 2022.

This article talks about the economic solutions to human trafficking. It gives background information about human trafficking like how the root of it is economic vulnerability. The author of this article is Rachel Rose Nelson who is the Executive Director of the Freedom Business Alliance

- "While there are still legal and law enforcement issues to be improved, a major root cause of trafficking is economic vulnerability. Places with high unemployment and under-employment are high-risk areas, where traffickers lure vulnerable people, most of them women and girls. People are making money from the sale of those most economically vulnerable among us. This is business in its most evil form."

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The Scarlet Market: The Economic Framework of Sex Trafficking and Microfinance as a Proactive Solution

Demarest, Hannah M. “The Scarlet Market: The Economic Framework of Sex Trafficking and Microfinance as a Proactive Solution.” FireScholars, 2015, https://firescholars.seu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=honors. Accessed 3 January 2023.

- "Siddharth Kara, author of Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery, states
that people in harsh economic settings are more vulnerable to the deception of traffickers, and
from these harsh economic settings come most sex trafficking victims."

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The Economics of Human Trafficking

Whelchel, Hugh. “The Economics of Human Trafficking.” Institute for Faith, Work & Economics, 12 April 2016, https://tifwe.org/the-economics-of-human-trafficking/. Accessed 4 January 2023.

- "The reason why sex trafficking persists is straightforward: immense profitability with minimal risk. A net profit margin of over 70 percent makes sex trafficking one of the most profitable businesses in the world. It is becoming increasingly easy and inexpensive to procure, move and exploit vulnerable girls."
- "Another reason why demand is able to stay at current levels is because there are little to no risks deterring traffickers from selling and purchasing trafficked persons."

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The Economic Drivers and Consequences of Sex Trafficking in the United States

Gonzalez, Sarah. “The Economic Drivers and Consequences of Sex Trafficking in the United States - IWPR.” Institute for Women's Policy Research, 9 September 2020, https://iwpr.org/iwpr-publications/briefing-paper/the-economic-drivers-and-consequences-of-sex-trafficking-in-the-united-states/. Accessed 3 January 2023.

This article talks about Human Trafficking and the economic consequences of it. It mentions how much profit is being made from sex trafficking and labor trafficking and how the victims of it are being affected. The article was written by Sarah Gonzalez Bocinski, the Director of the Economic Security for Survivors Project at the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. She received her B.A. from Colgate University and Master of Public Policy from the Georgetown Public Policy Institute.

- "Human trafficking generates large illegal profits which, combined with the perceived low risk of arrest and prosecution for traffickers, help to fuel trafficking (Dank et al. 2014). The International Labor Organization estimated that human trafficking globally generates $150 billion in illegal profits a year—$99 billion from sex trafficking and $51 billion from labor trafficking (International Labor Office 2014). The report also estimated annual profits generated per victim were $21,800 for sex trafficking and $4,800 for victims trafficked for construction, manufacturing, mining, and utilities globally

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The Cost of Crime: A Study on Human Trafficking
Krug, Kirsten. “The Cost of Crime: A Study on Human Trafficking.” Digital Commons at Buffalo State, 14 May 2021, https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1054&context=economics_theses. Accessed 3 January 2023.

- "Similar costs are often incurred by victims of sex trafficking as well, especially due to the
nature of the industry they are involved in. In most of the United States, the sale of commercial
sex is illegal, so many of victims of the sex trafficking become entangled in the justice system
and turned into criminals despite all the laws in place to protect victims."

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State Report Cards: Grading Criminal Record Relief Laws for Survivors of Human Trafficking

Polaris. “State Report Cards: Grading Criminal Record Relief Laws for Survivors of Human Trafficking.” Polaris Project, 1 March 2019, https://polarisproject.org/resources/state-report-cards-grading-criminal-record-relief-laws-for-survivors-of-human-trafficking/. Accessed 16 January 2023.

-"By its very definition, the crime of human trafficking involves people participating in some activity against their will.  Often those activities are illegal – prostitution, selling drugs, shoplifting  – and trafficking victims are arrested and charged with a crime. This tragically ironic scenario is extremely common – a survey found that 91% of survivor respondents had a criminal record as a result of being trafficked. A criminal record, even an arrest without a conviction, often leads to doors being slammed shut.  It’s harder to find a job, rent an apartment, and otherwise rebuild a life after breaking free from a trafficking situation."

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The Economic Drivers and Consequences of Sex Trafficking in the United States

Bocinski, Sarah. “The Economic Drivers and Consequences of Sex Trafficking in the United States.” IssueLab, 27 September 2017, https://search.issuelab.org/resource/the-economic-drivers-and-consequences-of-sex-trafficking-in-the-united-states.html. Accessed 16 January 2023.

- The cost of human trafficking to victims is significant and often life-long. Victims often experience wage theft (Owens et al. 2014); suffer substantial economic costs due to physical, sexual, and psychological abuse (Busch-Armendariz et al. 2016); and due to a lack of legal work histories face diminished economic opportunity. In addition, because commercial sex is illegal in most of the United States, many sex trafficking victims become involved with the justice system, and are criminalized despite laws protecting victims (Barnard 2014).