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-The Government Administration should highlight and provide the highest recognition for teachers.

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Misconception that teachers in lower levels have requires only low set of skills and mediocre training and expertise.

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Educators teaching outside expertise experiences worry, trepidation, and lack of confidence.

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Teaching inside expertise is found out to have higher confidence.

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Disparities in self-confidence between teaching inside or outside expertise.

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In Malta, most teachers only learned about physics and not a lot in Chemistry.

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Lack of context-specific knowledge of teaching techniques

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Sociology professors teaching English

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Lack of qualified science teachers.

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Lack of equipment, quality textbooks, support from the administration and large classes.

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Discrimnation on the profession of teaching in lower level.

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Teachers teaching out of expertise leading to inadequate mastery of subject matter.

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-Science educators must first understand the cognitive development coming from the middle grade and must also assess the continued cognitive development the learnes foresee.

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Science Teachers do not look back on the background or foundation of science during middle grade students and also they do not look forward on the impending education.

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Teachers have insufficient knowledge and background about developmental process specificially in the age group of adolescence.

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- Teachers must understand developmental processes.

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"The Problem of Out-of-Field Teaching."

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"The Challenges Faced by Science Teachers When Teaching Outside Their Specific Science Specialism."

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"The Challenges of Teaching and Learning about Science in the Twenty-First Century: Exploring the Abilities and Constraints of Adolescent Learners."

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"Framework For Philippine Science Teacher Education."