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Lincoln's 10% plan brought the US closer to justice because  former confederate states had to form new governments and 10% of white men in each state take an oath to support the Constitution, Union, and Emancipation before these governments were legitimized—a step towards securing black rights. However, others Republicans claimed Lincoln's plan did not have enough accountablitiy.

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The Thirteenth Amendment brought the U.S. closer to justice because it abolished slavery.

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The Freedmen's Bureau was justice because the purpose was to help smooth the transition of southern society away from slavery. Republicans created a new federal agency that allowed them to help people in poverty and create schools for former enslaved people. The Freedmen's Bureau assisted people under bad living conditions and progressed securing black rights.

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Johnson's Presidential Reconstruction - April 1865

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Johnson's Presidential Reconstruction - April 1865

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Johnson's presidential reconstruction brought the United States closer to healing because he gave land and money back to plantation owners, which brought back the original structure of the south and led to tranquility by establishing a socioeconomic structure.

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The Black Codes were undermining justice because they placed severe restrictions on the economic liberty of free blacks. They also established harsher punishments for blacks than whites, proving that the South was not concerned with granting freed people reparations. Rather they wanted to re-gain control and they did this, once again, by making black people inferior within society.

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The civil rights bill of 1866, which later became the 14th amendment of the U.S. Constitution, brought the U.S. closer to justice by establishing anyone born in the U.S. as a citizen regardless of race or previous condition of slavery. This brought the U.S. to justice because it engendered the rights of citizens to formerly enslaved people.

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Extension of Freedmen's Bureau - February 1866

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Extension of Freedmen's Bureau - February 1866

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The Extension of the Freedmen's Bureau was justice because it gave the Bureau the authority to prosecute civil rights violations, meaning that people were held accountable for their actions (in an attempt to seek justice for the country), rather than pardoned (in an attempt to move the country forward).

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Rising violence against both black and white unionists in the South - July 1866 to 1867

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Rising violence against both black and white unionists in the South - July 1866 to 1867

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Rising violence against black and white unionists in the South between 1866 to 1867 brought the United States further from justice because it not only disenfranchised the rights of formerly enslaved people, but undermined the new state governments that protected those rights.

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The Reconstruction Acts provided military supervision into the rebel states to regulate the creation of the new state governments. By supervising a state while they make their new governments, it requires them to add the banning of slavery into it and therefore is justice for the blacks. Additionally, the states were required to follow the constitution if they wanted to have congressional representation which forces them to recognize black rights and brings them closer to securing black rights.

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The Fourteenth Amendment becomes part of the US Constitution - 1868

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The Fourteenth Amendment becomes part of the US Constitution - 1868

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The Fourteenth Amendment addition to the US Constitution was justice because it defined all citizens of the US as people who were born in the US or naturalized, which was the first time that black people were recognized as US citizens in a legal document. It also forbade states from making discriminatory laws that could suppress the rights of one. The Fourteenth Amendment brought the country closer to justice, by starting to give black people equal rights.

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The violence of the KKK from 1868 to 1871 brought the U.S. away from healing and justice, as the unruly violence was unjust and destroyed the nation's healing.

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Interracial Southern Republican coalition in control of every Southern state government - 1868 to 1877

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Interracial Southern Republican coalition in control of every Southern state government - 1868 to 1877

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The interracial southern republican coalition being in control of every Southern State government brought the U.S. closer to justice because it led to state governments protecting the rights of formerly enslaved people.

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The Fifteenth Amendment becomes part of the US Constitution - 1870

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The Fifteenth Amendment becomes part of the US Constitution - 1870

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The 15th Amendment becoming part of the U.S. Constitution brought the U.S. closer to Justice because it enfranchised the right to vote for African Americans.

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The shut down of the Freedmen's Bureau was healing because rather than continuing to settle disputes or establish schools (forms of reparations), they shut it down, moving the country forward, but without the reparations that the Bureau provided.

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The KK act of 1871 brought the U.S. closer to justice because it allowed president Grant to use the military to stop KKK violence and established extreme penalties for KKK members engaged in such violence, leading to members going to jail and the collapse of the klan.

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The White league terror organization brought the U.S. further from justice because they were a terrorist organization that prevented freedmen from voting, hindering the progress of the republican party.

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The Civil Rights Act is justice because it banned racial discrimination in many areas, included jury selection. Banning discrimination gives the black people justice because it protects black people from being discriminating against because of their race.

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The compromise of 1877 brought the United States toward healing because it gave more power to southern democrats within the federal government and avoided the chaos of not only not having a legitimate president but also the potential of a civil war.

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The Kansas Exodus was healing because Kansas was portrayed as an idyllic land of rural plenty, but most of the black migrants ended up as unskilled laborers in the middle of the cities. Rather than bringing the country closer to justice by providing specialized, advancing jobs, Kansas was an attempt to "check a box" and move forward with the country by offering jobs to the black migrants, but jobs that were unskilled labor.

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Blacks serving in Congress - 1880s to 1890s

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Blacks serving in Congress - 1880s to 1890s

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Blacks serving in congress brought the U.S. closer to justice because it led to a more equitable distribution of representatives in congress.

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The Supreme Court invalidated the Civil Rights Act of 1875 with the Civil Rights Cases, which was a way of healing. The Supreme Court reauthorized racial discrimination by hotels, theaters, railroads, and other public facilities in order to make the South happy. The Supreme Court focused on uniting the country instead of giving rights to black people.

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Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise - 1895

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Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise - 1895

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Washington's speech was more towards healing because he wanted to move past the political and civil rights that were trying to be secured for black people, urging them to focus on becoming skillful in their jobs instead. Washington wanted to abandon the equality, one of the goals of Reconstruction of the black people, that was being fought for.

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The National Association of Colored Women - 1896

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The National Association of Colored Women - 1896

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This association, which brought together local and regional women's clubs to press for both women's rights and racial uplift was an aim at justice. The Association fought for black women to be respected like white women were, challenging racial ideology and trying to put an end to the degradation of black women.

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Elimination of black voting - 1890 to 1906

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Elimination of black voting - 1890 to 1906

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Every southern state participated in enacting state laws or constitutional provisions that aimed to eliminate black voting rights, which brought the US further from justice. The white southerners only cared about becoming powerful once again and went against trying to get justice for black people.

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6 southern states adopted this clause which tried to undermine justice. This grandfather clause meant that those and their descendants who had not met the new requirements of education, poll taxes, literacy tests, and having an "understanding" of the state constitution could not vote. The racial intent of the grandfather clause directly attacked the rights of black people.

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Plessy v. Ferguson undermined justice. It created the idea of "separate but equal" between black and white people, but these separate facilities were nowhere near equal. Instead, Plessy v. Ferguson segregated black people from white people and violated the principle of equal liberty.

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The hanging of black men that challenged the South's system of discrimination against black people was a way of challenging justice in the US. The white southerners wanted to regain their power, which would undermine justice and ignore the fact that black people were trying to get their rights back.