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Mitosis

2 Daughter

Daughters

identical to parent

Crossing over doesn't occur

1 Round

Homologue chromosomes does exist

Prophase is short

Body cells divide

Cytokinesis occurs once

5 phases

Some # of chromosomes as parent

Meiosis

1 Daughter

Daughters are unique

Crossing over occurs

2 rounds of division

Homologue chromosomes exist

Prophase is long and the most important process.

Meiosis divides into 4 cells

Cytokinesis occurs twice

4 phases

Some # of chromosomes as parent

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Sexual reproduction: A form of reproduction that takes place through the fusion of two types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes. In animals these cells are the ovum and the sperm. When fertilization happens the fusion of two gamete nuclei occurs and after successive mitosis a new individual arises. This new individual resembles their parents but is not identical to any of them.

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Asexual: Requires only one parent with the offspring being a perfect copy

Binary fission: is a type of asexual reproduction typically observed in prokaryotes and a few single-celled eukaryotes. In this method of asexual reproduction, there is a separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells.

Fragmentation: where a fragment of the parent breaks off and develops into an entirely new but genetically identical individual. The parent will then regenerate, or regrow, the piece that broke off, so in the end there are two new individuals from one.

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Budding: a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism. In some species buds may be produced from almost any point of the body, but in many cases budding is restricted to specialized areas.

Vegetative: any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or grows from a specialized reproductive structure (such as a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb). This is used by humans to get vegetables with the same characteristics.

Parthenogenesis: When an ovule develops into an organism without having to be fertilized.

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Advantages:
-Requires only one member of the species.

-The population increases rapidly when conditions are favorable.

-It is more time and energy efficient as you do not need to mate.

-Faster and more efficient than sexual reproduction.

Disadvantages:
-They are more susceptible to environmental changes.

-It does not lead to genetic variation in a population.

-The species may only be suited to one habitat.

-Disease may affect all the individuals in a population.

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Advantages:
-Produces genetic variability helping in survival in case of environmental changes.

-The species can adapt to new environments due to variation, which gives them a survival advantage.

-A disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population.

Disadvantages:
-Requires more than one member meaning that in the situation of there only being one member of the species left the entire species will become extinct.

-Sexual reproduction takes longer than asexual reproduction. A mate must be found, the egg must be fertilized by sperm, and then the offspring develop.

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Number of divisions: Meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions, whereas Mitosis involves a single nuclear division.

Chromosome number: Meiosis results in the reduction of chromosome number by half, whereas Mitosis maintains the chromosome number.

Chromosome distribution: In Meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during the first division and sister chromatids separate during the second division, resulting in four genetically diverse daughter cells. In Mitosis, sister chromatids separate, producing two genetically identical daughter cells.

Chromosome pairing: Meiosis involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes, followed by exchange of genetic material through crossing over, resulting in genetic diversity. Mitosis does not involve pairing of chromosomes or exchange of genetic material.

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Mitosis: A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Meiosis: A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Differences:

Purpose: The primary purpose of Meiosis is to produce genetically diverse haploid cells for sexual reproduction, whereas Mitosis is to produce genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair of tissues.

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In summary, Meiosis is a more complex process than Mitosis and is specifically designed to generate genetic diversity, while Mitosis is a simpler process that produces genetically identical cells.