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Shang Dynasty-First System of Writing/Oracle Bones-1700-1122 BCE

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Shang Dynasty-First System of Writing/Oracle Bones-1700-1122 BCE

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The Shang Dynasty was the first Dynasty with written records and it was developed along the Yellow River because it provided fertile soil to grow crops and survive. People in this dynasty worshiped their ancestors, giving many offerings. In Shang tombs, oracle bones were found. Kings who needed links to the gods and ancestors used these oracle bones. They wrote questions to ask for help and based on how the bones cracked, they would get answers. The Oracle bones were written with ideographs and pictographs. The Shang also built the first cities and relied heavily on military leaders for this dynasty to stay in power. This was the first dynasty to use bronze.

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The last few rulers of the Shang Dynasty were wicked, so a group of rebels, led by Wu Wang, overthrew the Shang so that there was a new dynasty, the Zhou. They had a book called the Book of Documents (Shujing) that describes this victory of the Zhou against the Shang. The rule of the Zhou Kings was linked to heaven. During this time, the Zhou Dynasty expanded China and ruled well for a long time because they used a bureaucracy, and the government got many things done. They also used the Mandate of Heaven, also known as the "right to rule" This dynasty was actually the longest Dynasty in the history of Ancient China, they ruled for more than 800 years.

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Warring States Period-700-221 BCE/Confucianism and Daoism-500 BCE

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Warring States Period-700-221 BCE/Confucianism and Daoism-500 BCE

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After the Zhou Dynasty ended, the states went into a war that lasted about 200 years. The warriors were armed more and began using horses. During this time, at about 500 BCE, there were two concepts introduced; Confucianism and Daoism. These were founded by leaders who tried to stop the war. Confucius was a man who told people to follow their ancestor's beliefs and respect elders. He believed that doing this would bring peace and harmony to China. He also believed that everyone had duties to fulfill and that government service should be respected as well. If the government did well and everyone followed them, there would be peace. People who follow this follow Confucianism. Daoism teaches people about being one with nature and freeing themselves from worldly desires. Daoism taught people to follow nature and the Dao, a natural spiritual force. This taught people to live in harmony with nature. After the war ended, a new dynasty began.

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Towards the end of the warring states period, legalism was developed. Legalism is known as the importance on a system of laws. Hanfeizi introduced legalism and believed that humans are naturally evil and must be controlled using strict laws and harsh punishments for people not doing their duty. Many aristocrats supported this way because it emphasized force and did not require trulers. Legalism continued throughout the dynasty after the warring states period.

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Qin Dynasty-Great Wall Begins-221-210 BCE

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Qin Dynasty-Great Wall Begins-221-210 BCE

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This dynasty's goal was to strengthen and unify China. They used legalism to control people and made them work with harsh punishments if they didn't. However, this dynasty had many accomplishments. They had censors and currency to make things easier in China. They also came up with the idea to build the Great Wall of China. They built this for protection from people in the North. The most famous emporer from this dynasty started this, Emporer Qin Shihuangdi. The reason he is famous is because he forced people to build many soldiers out of terra-cotta to protect him in death. This dynasty ended before the Great Wall was finished.

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Han Dynasty-The Empire Expands-206 BCE-220 CE

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Han Dynasty-The Empire Expands-206 BCE-220 CE

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This was the dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. The first Emperor was Han Wudi, who made many improvements to the Chinese Government. Instead of aristocrats, he appointed talented people for civil service based on tests they took. He also created schools for students to learn. The schools taught law, history, and the teaching of Confucius. During this dynasty, China's population grew to about 60 million. This was when the Great Wall was finished and the Silk Road was made for trade. This was the Era of Peace.