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Formal and informal language Once you have decided how formal your writing should be, you need to decide what language you can use. Here are a few things you should remember about formal and informal language.

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Write a letter of between 120 and 150 words. You must use grammatically correct sentences with accurate spelling and punctuation in a style appropriate for the situation. Do not write any addresses.

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2 Read the answer to the writing task written by a Kazakhstan student.

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3 Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).

1 The writer has included all the information he had to.

2 He has used an informal tone.

3 He didn’t need to use paragraphs in an informal letter.

4 He asks his friend about a piece of news to begin.

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1 Are you familiar with the works of Abay? Which is your favourite? 

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1 Are you familiar with the works of Abay? Which is your favourite? 

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The first major figure of Kazakh literature is Abay Kunanbayuly. His real name was Ibrahim, but, nowadays, he is more widely known simply as ‘Abay’. He legitimised Kazakh as a written language through his poetry. The heritage of Abay embraces poems, prose, songs and translations. The ‘Kara Sozder’ is one of Abay’s most famous creations. It takes the form of a conversation with the reader. This work has both an educational and a spiritual value for the Kazakh people. As an enlightened individual, Abay was the originator of the progressive ideas of his time. Nowadays, people of all generations know something of Abay’s wisdom and knowledge. Citizens of Kazakhstan have great respect for Abay as a prominent poet, writer, public figure and the founder of modern Kazakh literatu

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GLOSSARY

heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ (n) the art, buildings, traditions, and beliefs that a society considers important to its history and culture individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ (n) a person considered as distinct from their society or community

legitimise /lɪˈdʒɪtəmaɪz/ (v) to make something seem morally right or reasonable

originator /əˈrɪdʒəˌneɪtə(r)/ (n) the first person to create or start something

prominent /ˈprɒmɪnənt/ (adj) important and well-known spiritual /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/ (adj) related to your spirit instead of the physical world