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provider

an example of a private provider would be abc kayaking meaning the goal of is to make money who provide white water kayak and sea kayak coaching -4

location-

they normally do coaching on the river dart witch is a natural structure and is dependent on the rain . they do also do sea kayak courses on the sea normally at berry head . they could also do coaching at places like Holme peer point witch is an artificial white water course meaning it was not naturally there but was built .

aims-

the aims of these courses are personal and or professional development whether its from doing a white water coaching course or a white water leader training you are either progressing your personal paddling or learning how to help others progress.

target groups -

the target group is people who are interested in kayaking witch is normally young adults .

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a kayak is a long narrow boat witch is propelled by a double bladed paddle rather than a single bladed paddle used in canoeing .also unlike in canoeing you are sat down in a kayak unlike a canoe where you are knelt. another key concept of kayaking is that you use a spray deck so you are enclosed and water cant come in the boat. there are many different types of kayaks like white water boats witch are shorter and have a flatter bottom and are used mostly on rivers with rapids-1. there are also seas kayaks /touring boats witch are longer boats with two compartments which are air sealed allowing for storage and the boat wont sink. the boats are also much narrower and have a shaped bottom and they can be used for day trips or overnight expeditions on the river or sea -2. kayak was created by inuit , yupik and aluet tribes at least 40000 years ago. the first kayaks where used for hunting ,transportation and where often made from driftwood and whalebones. -3

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orienteering is defined as a recreational activity where the participants use a map and compass to navigate an area a go to checkpoints-1. orienteering was invented in the 19th century by a Swedish army officer called Major Ernst Killander . there are many different types of orienteering like ski orienteering , cross country and mountain running -2. there is also the British orienteering championships witch are held every year in November to add a competetive aspect to the sport-3.

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Climbing is the act of ascending up a face, a cliff face, a rock face, or even an indoor wall, a climber is equipped with a harness, a rope, possibly chalk and climbing shoes, the climber must traverse through a series of holds called a route, a route can be various levels, lowest grade being 4a, highest being 7c (the french grading system), in order to protect the climber from a fall, they must have a belayer, a person who has the rope at the bottom, clipped in to a belay device, which will support them to tighten rope in order to reduce the danger of a climbing fall, there are many forms of climbing, top rope, bottom rope, freestyle, sport and much much more

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There are many providers of this sport, both indoor and outdoor, such as the quay in exeter, the quay is a private sector, manmade indoor climbing center, which means all money earned goes back to the owners, and all the climbs were created artificially, an example of a providers would be mount batten outdoor climbing wall by plymouth, which natural and public in the summer (public means government funded for the commmunity)

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The main target group would be young thrill seakers looking for a challenge which climbing can easily provide, other groups could be older people looking to stay fit, disabled people looking for an activity, and sporty people attempting records, the aims for thrill seakers include : overcoming obstacles, obtaining an adrenaline rush and making memories.

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Biking is the sport of following a route with a bike, going over jumps and avoiding obstacles, usually a route is downhill, as a rider should gain speed in order to land a jump, this activity is an off road one, and it is a semi natural sport, as the jumps are made by man, but the area around, the wilderness, was created over years from nature itself, this activity is very famous and enjoyed all over the world, with redbull doing many competitions for the sport.

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An example of a provider for this sport would be glenmore lodge, who teaches this in scotland, glenmore lodge is part of the voluntary sector, meaning all money earned goes back to the organisation and for the community, another provider is cyclewise in the lake district, who take people out on rides, repair and hire bikes out, and do courses. They are a private sector organisation, another provider is south devon college adventure sports, who are public sector as they are funded by the government.

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One target group are schoolchildren going on trips to have fun, they could use this sport as a reward for hard work in the classroom, which will enable them to work harder and enjoy themselves more, one aim for a group would be to teach them new skills while keeping them entertained on their day out.

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Surfing is the sport where a person on a surf board, picture above, rides waves towards the shore, which are usually bif strong waves, and does tricks while on them, this is done for enjoyment and thrill, as many people do this every year, being one of the most popular sports in the world.

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one provider is SSS surfing in newquay, cornwall, with many lessons for people wanting to surf and have a good time, they are based at towan beach, which is a natural beach, which means this sport is completely natural.

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Private Surf Lessons For Individuals And Groups | SSS Surf School

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Private surf lessons. Dedicated coaching and support for individuals and groups - couples, families, friends, and corporate team-building events.

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The main target group are youths who are sporty, as they are very competitive, the aims for the target group surfing would be to improve the skills they have, to participate in competition, and to find enjoyablilty in the sport itself.

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1-Bing Videos

2-The Ultimate Beginner's Guide to Sea Kayaking (muchbetteradventures.com)

3-A Brief History Of Kayaking: The Origins | SeaKayakExplorer

4-ABC Kayaking - Kayak Coaching, British Canoeing Courses

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diferent types of kayaks white water flatwater - Search Videos

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-4XZgARAuA

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How does the BMC traditional grading system work? Niall Grimes takes a look.

The system for grading traditionally protected climbs in BMC guides is the traditional, two-part British grade, a combination of the adjectival and technical grades. It may seem confusing to those not used to the system, eg, climbers who might have only climbed indoors, or who have only sport climbed (These both tend to use French grades.). However, here is an attempt at explaining how it works.

Adjectival grades
The adjectival grade is the first part of the grade, and attempts to give a sense of the overall difficulty of a climb. This will be influenced by many aspects, including seriousness, sustaindness, technical difficulty, exposure, strenuousness, rock quality, and any other less tangible aspects which lend difficulty to a pitch. It is an open ended system, and currently runs from Easy, which is barely climbing, to E11, which has been barely climbed. Along the way, and in ascending order, are Moderate (M), Difficult (D), Hard Diff (HD), Very Difficult (VD), Hard Very Difficult (HVD), Severe (S), Hard Severe (HS), Very Severe (VS), Hard Very Severe (HVS) and Extremely Severe, the last category being split into E1, E2, E3 etc.

As with all grades, these catagorisations are subjective; there are no cut off points. VS runs smoothly into HVS, HVS runs into E1. Also, some climbers are better at safe, technical routes, some better at bold easy ones. Some climb well on delicate slabs, some on overhanging fist cracks. All this leads to that all too often splutter- "That's never a Moderate!" where a route of one grade is claimed to be harder than one from the next grade up. Well, this just happens. All you can do is, if you find a route easy for its grade, give yourself a pat on the back. If it seems hard, blame the guidebook.

Technical grades
The second part of the grade, the technical grade, is there to give an indication of the hardest move to be found on the route, irrespective of how many of them there might be, how strenuous it is, or how frightened you are when you do it.

They come onto the scale somewhere around 4a, a savage example of elitism that must have 3b merchants fuming at the mouth, and currently run thus; 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b. It is an open ended scale, although while climbs continue to get harder and harder, this is usually reflected in the E grade, with climbs tending to become more serious and more strenuous rather than more technical. Real 7a is still a rarity on routes.

Combined grades
Going back to the combined grade, you should see how the combination of these two grades goes to suggest the difficulty of a climb, and what type of difficulty this might be. As a help, climbs of a particular adjectival grade, will often have an associated average technical grade. Roughly these are S, 4a; HS, 4b; VS, 4c; HVS, 5a; E1, 5b; E2, 5c. Above this the technical grade starts to slow down in relation to the adjectival grade, and by the time you get to E6, 6b is more of an average grade.

However, by the time you get to E6, you should have started to understand grades for yourself, so don't worry about that point. So, for your final lesson, if, for a particular adjectival grade, the technical grade is high, (e.g. VS 5a, E1 5c) then you can expect the route to be technical in character, with maybe a single, hard, well protected move. If the technical grade is low for the adjectival grade, (e.g. HVS 4c, E3 5b) then expect either a very sustained and strenuous struggle, or a route with relatively easy climbing, only in a serious situation. Which one of these two it might be can hopefully be determined by looking at the climb. (i.e., an overhanging hand crack could reasonably be supposed to be sustained and well protected, a blank slab could be supposed to be serious.)

And the final point is that these rules are broken more often than they are obeyed, so use this explanation only as a guide, and stay open minded.

It is best used in conjunction with the downloadable grade comparison table. This also shows conversions between various bouldering grades.

We want to say a big thanks to every BMC member who continues to support us through the Coronavirus crisis.

From weekly Facebook Lives and GB Climbing home training videos, to our access team working to re-open the crags and fight for your mountain access, we couldn't do it without you.

Did you know that we've launched a U27 membership offer for just £1.50 / month? And with full membership from £2.50 / month, it's never been easier to join and support our work:

https://www.thebmc.co.uk/join-the-bmc-for-1-month-U27-membership

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A brief explanation of UK traditional climbing grades

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How does the BMC traditional grading system work? Niall Grimes takes a look. The system for grading traditionally protected climbs in BMC guides is the traditional, two-part British grade, a combination of the adjectival and technical grades.

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a canoe is a long open boat of witch you dont use a spray deck unlike a kayak and also unlike a kayak you don't sit you kneel and you use a single bladed paddle rather than a double bladed paddle like in kayaking. it is impossible to know who invented canoes and when but hey where used all around the world but they where used lots to go fishing in rivers and where originally carved out of tree trunks . the word canoe originally come from the Arawakan language witch is spoken by the indigenous people from the Caribbean and south America and it refers to a small light boat made from a hollowed out tree trunk but overtime the term has been adapted to what is now known as a canoe -1. the first use of a canoe being recreationally was in the 1860s. these boats all featured masts and sails witch are still used today but are not often built into canoes -2

he boat’s designs featured decked sailing canoes that had masts and sails. He

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provider-

an example of a provider would be heaven banks who are an example of a public sector provider meaning it is funded by the government through taxes . haven banks often operate in the Exeter canal witch is a semi natural location as there was already a river there but it was built on by people to form the canal. they also do trips to the river dart. the main target group of haven banks is mainly children and teenagers as it is connected to Exeter college but they also do coaching for people of any age if they are interested in canoeing. the aims of what they offer is often personal development. -3

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1-Who Invented the Canoe - History of Canoes & Some Facts (mostlyboating.com)

2-Who Invented Canoeing? The Complete History (activeonthewater.com)

3-https://www.haven-banks.co.uk/portfolio/canoeing/

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The Canoe, a vessel that allows paddlers to explore nature and experience a sense of freedom, has been ingrained in various cultures and a beloved means of transportation and leisure activity for thousands of years.

The origins of the canoe can be traced back to the Stone Age, with its narrow and efficient design enabling smooth navigation through the water. However, determining who invented the canoe remains a challenging task due to its widespread use and appearance in ancient civilizations across the world.
How do we know who invented the canoe?
By exploring the history of the canoe, we gain a deeper understanding of its enduring legacy. Let's explore the article that covers all the information about who invented canoes and other historical realities.

Canoes have been used by various cultures throughout history, so it is difficult to attribute their invention to a single individual. The exact origins of canoeing are not well-documented, as they predate written history. However, it is believed that indigenous peoples around the world independently developed the concept of using a canoe for transportation on water.

In the quest to uncover the origins of the canoe, archaeologists and researchers have made remarkable discoveries that shed light on the fascinating history of this ancient watercraft.

While the invention of canoes cannot be attributed to a specific civilization, canoes emerged independently in various ancient cultures across the world, with indigenous peoples in North America, Polynesians, and Vikings each making significant contributions.

Due to the canoe's ancient existence pre-dating recorded history, a significant finding has provided valuable insights.

One notable discovery is the Pesse Canoe, unearthed in the Netherlands. This ancient canoe, estimated to be approximately ten thousand years old, is considered the oldest known boat ever found

The history of canoes spans back thousands of years. Canoes have been integral to human civilizations across the world, providing a means of transportation, exploration, and survival.

From the Native American tribes in North America to the Polynesians navigating the vast Pacific Ocean, and the Vikings utilizing canoes for their voyages, each civilization contributed to the development and evolution of these remarkable watercraft.

Today, canoes continue to hold significance as a recreational activity and a symbol of exploration and freedom.

The word "canoe" itself holds its own charm and history. Derived from the Arawakan language, spoken by indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and South America, the term "canoe" originally referred to a small, light boat made from a hollowed-out tree trunk. Over time, the term became widely adopted and used to describe similar vessels across different cultures and regions.

Throughout history, canoes have served a multitude of purposes. In indigenous cultures, canoes were essential for fishing, hunting, and transportation. They allowed for efficient movement across bodies of water, enabling communities to access resources and establish trade networks.

While canoes played a vital role in survival and sustenance, they also found a place in leisure activities. In many cultures, canoeing became a recreational pastime, with people taking to the water for enjoyment, relaxation, and spor t. The thrill of paddling through calm waters or navigating rapids became a source of entertainment and adventure.

The evolution of canoes, as we know them today, has been shaped by the remarkable contributions of visionary individuals throughout history. These pioneers played a pivotal role in refining canoes' design, construction, and usage. One such notable figure is Barrister John Macgregor, an English-Scottish lawyer, writer, and sportsman.

Inspired by the ancient kayaks of the Inuits, Macgregor commissioned the construction of his first canoe in 1865, incorporating decked sailing canoes with masts and sails. His adventures on these canoes, chronicled in his books and lectures, ignited interest in canoeing as a recreational activity.

When discussing the history of canoes, it is impossible to overlook the remarkable discovery of the Pesse Canoe. Unearthed in the Netherlands, the Pesse Canoe is believed to be the oldest known canoe, dating back approximately 10,000 years. Its excavation shed light on the early ingenuity of our ancestors and their mastery of boat building.

The remarkable Pesse Canoe considered the oldest known boat ever found, was discovered in the village of Pesse in the Netherlands. Unearthed in 1955, this ancient canoe dates back approximately ten thousand years and was crafted from a Scotch pine log using primitive tools.

The construction of prehistoric canoes required resourcefulness and craftsmanship. Early canoes were often made by hollowing out logs or using bark from trees. These natural materials provided strength and buoyancy while allowing for easy maneuverability. The skill and knowledge required to shape and carve these vessels demonstrate the resourcefulness of early humans.

Humans began crafting canoes thousands of years ago, showcasing their ingenuity and adaptability. Though who invented the canoe is still mysterious, early evidence suggests that ancient civilizations created canoes as early as the Stone Age, utilizing materials like logs, bark, and reeds. These early watercraft allowed humans to navigate and explore waterways, marking the beginning of a rich history of canoeing.

As canoeing progressed, so did the materials and construction techniques used in building canoes. Modern canoes often incorporate lightweight materials such as fiberglass, Kevlar, or carbon fiber, providing enhanced performance and durability.

Traditional canoes, on the other hand, maintained their charm and continued to be crafted using natural materials like wood and bark, preserving the legacy of ancient designs.

Over time, canoeing evolved from a practical means of transportation to a popular sport enjoyed worldwide. The sport gained recognition and popularity in the 19th century, and canoe clubs and associations were formed to promote the activity.

Today, canoes have become an integral part of various recreational and competitive activities. Whether it's racing, whitewater rafting, touring, camping, freestyle paddling, or simply finding joy in the serene beauty of nature, canoes provide endless opportunities for adventure and relaxation.

Canoeing's popularity as a sport led to its inclusion in the Olympic Games. The sport made its Olympic debut in 1936 with flatwater canoeing events for men. Over the years, the Olympic program expanded to include women's events and various disciplines, showcasing the skill, strength, and determination of athletes on the global stage.

Olympic Canoe Slalom

Held in the Summer Olympics, featuring

Michal Martikán (SVK)

Exciting and challenging races through whitewater

Jessica Fox (AUS)

Courses

Lisa Carrington (NZL)

World Canoe Sprint

The premier sprint racing event, showcasing

Sebastian Brendel (GER)

Speed and endurance on calm water courses.

Lisa Carrington (NZL)

Championships

Mathieu Goubel (FRA)

Laurence Vincent-Lapointe (CAN)

Digging deeper into the history of canoes reveals some intriguing facts:

Native American tribes used canoes for travel, fishing, and trade, with each tribe coming up with its own designs and construction techniques.

The Inuit people of the Arctic region used kayaks, a specialized type of canoe, for hunting in icy waters.

The ancient Polynesians are believed to have navigated vast stretches of the Pacific Ocean using outrigger canoes, displaying remarkable seafaring skills.

The birchbark canoe: developed by indigenous peoples in North America, was prized for its lightweight and navigational capabilities.

While canoes were primarily used for inland waterways, there are instances of remarkable oceanic voyages undertaken in canoes. For example, the Hokulea, a traditional Polynesian voyaging canoe, embarked on a historic journey across the Pacific Ocean, showcasing the navigational techniques and seafaring prowess of ancient cultures.

The longest recorded canoe trip is attributed to Verlen Kruger, an American adventurer. Kruger paddled over 28,000 miles, traversing the waterways of North America in multiple expeditions. His remarkable endurance and dedication to canoeing inspired many and set a record that remains unmatched.

In the pursuit of enhanced performance and functionality, canoe designs have evolved significantly. Today, advanced canoe structures feature streamlined hulls, adjustable seating systems, and improved stability.

While it may seem counterintuitive, floating a concrete canoe is indeed possible. Concrete canoes, used in engineering competitions, are designed with specific materials and construction techniques to achieve buoyancy. These unique vessels combine the strength and durability of concrete with innovative design principles, showcasing the ingenuity and versatility of canoe engineering.

The invention of the canoe cannot be attributed to a single individual or culture. Instead, canoes emerged independently in different parts of the world, showcasing the human instinct for exploration and the necessity to navigate waterways for survival.

Through the ages, canoes have enabled humans to explore, trade, fish, and compete. They have been integral to the development of civilizations and the preservation of cultural traditions.

It is understood that who invented the canoe remains unclear; prehistoric people developed canoes independently. But today, when we glide through serene lakes or tackle challenging rapids, the canoe continues to captivate individuals, embodying the spirit of human ingenuity and the timeless allure of the water. So, the next time you see a canoe gracefully slicing through the water, remember the fascinating history and the countless stories that lie beneath its surface.

Native Americans utilized various types of wood for canoe construction, depending on their geographical location. Birchbark canoes were prevalent in the northern regions, while tribes in the Pacific Northwest crafted canoes from cedar.

Canoes often symbolize adventure, exploration, and connection with nature. They represent the spirit of discovery and the ability to navigate through life's challenges.

Canoes played a vital role in early civilizations by enabling transportation, trade, fishing, and exploration. They facilitated the expansion of communities and the exchange of goods and ideas.

The Aztecs, known for their advanced civilization in Mesoamerica, did not invent the canoe. Canoe-like vessels were present in various cultures across the world, and the Aztecs had their own unique forms of watercraft.

Canoes often have holes, called scupper holes, which serve multiple purposes. These holes allow water to drain out of the canoe, preventing it from accumulating and adding weight. They also aid in stability by allowing excess water to escape, especially in rough waters.

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Who Invented the Canoe - History of Canoes & Some Facts

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If you're into canoeing then you might be confused who invented the canoe, when was the canoe invented and what its name. Let's uncover.

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an example of a provider would be Grenville house witch is in the voluntary sector meaning its main goal isn't to make money but to help and improve the community. Grenville house dose orienteering in Brixham and there target audience is kids and schools as they mainly do resident trips . the aims of these is to do team building , help build friendships and build a better connection with nature-4.

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1-Orienteering Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

2-The History Of Orienteering: Who Invented Orienteering? (aeorienteering.com)

3-British Orienteering

4-Grenville House | Residential Outdoor Education Activities in Brixham

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a competitive or noncompetitive recreational activity in which participants use a map and compass to navigate between checkpoints along an unfamiliar course (as in the woods)… See the full definition

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https://cyclewise.co.uk/

https://youtu.be/fzUwajsNyVo?si=D4SpReXp9ftV7Fi-

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Outdoor Pursuits, Courses & Holidays Scotland | Glenmore Lodge | Biking