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The Supreme Court ruled that Black Americans whether they are enslaved or free are not American citizens and cannot be American citizens. 

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The 13th amendment abolished slavery and took American a step closer to the civil rights movement

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All citizens of the United states, including Black Americans are guaranteed by the 14th amendment, "equal protection of the laws". This was used in many future civil rights cases. 

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This amendment guaranteed Black Men the right to vote, however for many years Black Men were still barred from voting.

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Jim Crow Laws were local and state laws the legalized racial segregation. These laws were created to marginalize Black Americans by preventing them from voting, using the same facilities, receiving equal education, and being able to hold the same positions. The name Jim Crow comes from a derogatory minstrel show character.   

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De Jure Segregation is segregation that is written into law and is in legislation. Laws explicitly stated things such as interracial marriage and voting if your grandfather could not vote being illegal are all examples of de jure segregation. 

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Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme Court Case that made racial segregation constitutional as long as everything is, "separate but equal". This decision was challenged later and overturned. 

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The 19th amendment enfranchised white American woman in 1920. Woman of color were not able to vote until 1943.

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While white women gained the right to vote in 1920, Women of Color disenfranchised till 1943. Native American women were unable to vote until the passing of the voting rights act in 1965. 

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Brown v. Board of Education ruled that state laws establishing segregated schools for white and black students are unconstitutional. However the integration of schools was up to the pace the states wanted to integrate. 

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The little rock nine refers to a group of nine black students that were part of integration into Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas. These students face a large amount of discrimination, harassment, and ill treatment. This was a historic moment for the civil rights movement as segregationist groups tried to prevent the students from entering the school, and there had to be intervention from federal authorities. 

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Redlining is a discriminatory practice that intends to withhold financial services from neighborhoods or area that have large populations of black and brown people. In particular banks would have maps that told them the racial makeup of neighborhoods and they would not furnish loans or mortgages to  people from these neighborhoods. This has caused a historical imbalance in generational wealth between black and white Americans. 

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This was a historic moment for the civil rights movement. This piece of legislation made discrimination based on race, sex, national origin, color, or religion illegal. This piece of legislation helped end racial segregation in public places. 

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The 24th Amendment outlawed the use of poll taxes in federal elections, this removed the money barrier in voting that disenfranchised low income Americans. This can be connected to the voting rights act of 1965. 

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De Facto segregation is segregation that is not codified by law but rather within society and in private practices. Redlining and housing discrimination are examples of De Facto segregation. De Facto segregation has had a lasting impact on the financial situation of Black Americans. 

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The voting rights act of 1965 was signed into law by President Lindon B. Johnson, this law aimed to state and local legal barriers that intimidated or prevented Black Americans from voting. 

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Private policies and measures that aim to promote diversity and representation. Many are to increase Women and people of color in STEM. Affirmative Action within College admissions is very controversial. 

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This supreme court decision ruled that pregnant women under the U.S. constitution have the right choose to have an abortion without government involvement. Unfortunately this ruling was recently overturned and many states have become overly involved in the regulation of women's bodies. 

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This Supreme court ruling upheld affirmative action, but outlawed the usage of quotas in universities. A certain amount of admissions could not be saved for any demographic. 

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This act prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities. This ensures equal opportunity in employment as well as accommodations that make public spaces accessible to everyone. This act can be likened to the civil rights act of 1964 as it aims to ensure equality and equal opportunity for all Americans. 