# data[].attributes.body
Type of resource: Article

MLA: Missing and murdered indigenous women and girls in Canada. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2017, March 22). https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-and-girls-in-canada

Summary

Missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada (MMIWG) is a human rights crisis that has only recently become a topic of discussion within national media. Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission supported the call for a national public inquiry. The number of murdered and missing Indigenous women and girls in Canada is a matter of debate; Indigenous women's organizations have documented over 4,000 incidents since 1980, while the RCMP has acknowledged over 1,200 cases. The rate of violence against Indigenous women is greater; the rate of homicide is over seven times higher. All Indigenous women and girls, regardless of background, are impacted by this tragedy, many of whose perpetrators are unknown to the victim.

CRAAP EVALUATION: This is accurate because all of this information can be found in different articles after all the research.

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News Article

Jennifer Brant-Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada

Brant, Jennifer. "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 08 July 2020, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-and-girls-in-canada. Accessed 05 March 2024.

SUMMARY:

This article talks about how Indigenous women are calling for action because of the high rates of violence but since December 2015 these calls have been ignored. The article also talks about how the police are saying there are

1 200 missing indigenous women however there is a document that says that there have been more than

4 000 Missing

CRAAP EVALUTION:

This is Relevant because of how it is talking about how there are high rates of violence towards Indigenous Woman and our topic is about murdered and missing indigenous women which is what our topic is about

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News Article

“Six Nations Remembers Missing, Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls.” Hamilton Spectator, The (ON), Feb. 2021. EBSCOhost, research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=7102dfd1-f99a-335d-b9e3-3f90471bd1ea.

SUMMARY:

This article talks about how there is concert (which is done) that is going to raise awareness and feature speakers who are family of the missing and murdered indigenous woman

CRAAP EVALUTION:

This is accurate because of how their is an article that i put that also has a ceremony for the missing and murdered Indigenous women to raise awareness for them

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TYPE OF RESOURCE: Canadian Government Documents

SOURCE: General Assembly

MLA: "MLA form Unavailable"

https://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/get?open&DS=A/HRC/54/31/ADD.2&Lang=S

Section C

Summary: The native Women’s Association of Canada has reports of over 4,000 Indigenous women and girls that have been murdered or have gone missing. All of these reports are recent during this decade. Indigenous women and girls are currently facing high rates of violence/sexual assault. Another fact is that 50% of trafficked women in Canada is usually Indigenous women. While United Nation makes criticism and calls to action to these events they did not take action. Violence rates against indigenous women did not go down. After all this the Canadian government announced that they are funding and planning to reduce this issue but the indigenous communities argue that they are not really helping so they took action into their own hands.

CRAAP EVALUTION: This Document has many relevancies to our topic. It speaks many cases of indigenous women who are victim to being kidnapped or murdered. The documents also expresses Logos by giving percentages and exact numbers like for example "50% of trafficked women in Canada is usually Indigenous women".

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Podcast

Connie Walker-Missing & Murdered: Finding Cleo

“Missing & Murdered: Finding Cleo | CBC Podcasts | CBC Listen.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, www.cbc.ca/listen/cbc-podcasts/148-missing-murdered-finding-cleo. Accessed 5 Mar. 2024.

SUMMARY:

In this podcast it it talks about how the a family's missing daughter who is a young Cree girl who was murdered while hitchhiking in Saskatchewan thinks that she was raped and then killed

CRAAP EVALUTION:

This is relevant because of how it talks about a young girl who had gone missing and was never found and her family thinks that she was raped first and then murdered after

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TYPE OF RESOURCE: Canadian Government Document

SOURCE: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

MLA: General, Distr. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Concluding Observations on the Combined Eighth and Ninth Periodic Reports of Canada Addendum Information Provided by Canada in Follow-up to the Concluding Observations*. 2019.

https://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/get?open&DS=CEDAW/C/CAN/CO/8-9/ADD.1&Lang=E

Paragraph 27

Summarize: Canadian government response to the issue of violence against Indigenous women and girls in Canada was to launch an Inquiry supported by provincial, federal, and also territorial governments. To address the Inquiry's interim suggestions Canada has taken several actions like for example

Increased health support by those affected by the violence

Providing more funds to help family liaison units and community organizations which offer culturally relevant services and trauma informed to families after the Inquiry ends.

Funding new units in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police so that they can supervise investigations on the cases of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls.

Creating funds honor the lives of the victims in the indigenous communities.

CRAAP EVALUTION: The authority of this document is trustworthy mostly because the authors are from the Canadian Government. The people who work for the government usually have access to information that is hidden from the public or not known by the public.

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TYPE OF RESOURCE:

SOURCE:

MLA:

TYPE OF RESOURCE: Poster

SOURCE: First Nation Goods - Murdered and missing Indigenous Women

MLA: “MURDERED & MISSING INDIGENOUS WOMEN.” First Nation Goods, fngs.ca/murdered-missing-indigenous-women/.

‌

Summarize: This poster talks about the missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls. Since 2016 over 5,712 cases of missing American Indian and Alaska Native women and girls were reported to the National Crime Information Center. Most of these crimes are said to be committed by non-indigenous groups. The reason why these cases happen so often is because of the lack of security and lead racists and sexist stereotypes to think they can get away with these actions. Indigenous groups demand law enforcements to take real action to prevent more indigenous women from being murdered and kidnapped.

CRAAP EVALUTION: This poster is extremely relevant to our topic because the poster says "No more stolen sisters" talking about the missing and murdered indigenous women cases. The poster also has a website dedicated to it showing Logos. The website shows the amount of missing indigenous women.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
MURDERED & MISSING INDIGENOUS WOMEN - First Nation Goods

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MURDERED & MISSING INDIGENOUS WOMEN First Nation Goods is working to stop the violence against Indigenous women Our women, girls, and two-spirts are being taken from us in an alarming way. As of 2016, the National Crime Information Center has reported 5,712 cases of missing American Indian and Alaska Native women and girls.

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Type of resource: Novel/book

MLA: Canada, L. and A. (2023, September 20). Government of Canada / gouvernement du Canada. Library and Archives Canada. https://library-archives.canada.ca/eng/services/public/events-exhibitions/2023/pages/book-launch-angela-sterritt-unbroken.aspx

Summary

As a homeless Gitxsan girl, Angela Sterritt depended on her journal to help her survive and learn about herself. She is a journalist who supports Indigenous women, girls, and survivors and fights for justice. Sterritt highlights the effects of racism and colonialism on the lives of missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada by exposing these topics via her writings. She overcame hardship to succeed in academia and journalism by finding support in her family and community. Sterritt strives for understanding and accountability by bringing attention to and dispelling myths about Indigenous women. Her story gives hope for an equitable and prosperous future by demonstrating the fortitude and resiliency of Indigenous women.

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TYPE OF RESOURCE:  eg.  News Report

SOURCE:  Author's Name - Title of Resource

MLA:  Citation

SUMMARY:  Etiam ornare ex in erat volutpat, ac finibus nulla fringilla. Maecenas maximus ligula eget lectus pulvinar scelerisque. Pellentesque maximus egestas interdum. Vivamus venenatis accumsan massa, sed elementum leo varius non. Sed luctus quam augue, eget fermentum metus tincidunt sed. Donec viverra metus id aliquam egestas. Cras porta imperdiet risus, non ultrices neque porta vitae. Sed in ligula at lacus egestas dignissim eu sit amet libero.

CRAAP EVALUATION:

Etiam ornare ex in erat volutpat, ac finibus nulla fringilla. Maecenas maximus ligula eget lectus pulvinar scelerisque. Pellentesque maximus egestas interdum. Vivamus venenatis accumsan massa, sed elementum leo varius non. Sed luctus quam augue, eget fermentum metus tincidunt sed. Donec viverra metus id aliquam egestas. Cras porta imperdiet risus, non ultrices neque porta vitae. Sed in ligula at lacus egestas dignissim eu sit amet libero.

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R.E.H.U.G.O. R.E.H.U.G.O. Research Guide Student Guide CLICK

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News Article

“Ceremony in Bradford to Honour Missing, Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls, Gender-Diverse People.” Bradford West Gwillimbury Topic (ON), Apr. 2022. EBSCOhost, research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=15d6faa1-872c-3e61-ad4d-f829b9024fc9.

SUMMARY:

This article talks about an artist who has made paintings as a visual reminder about how some indigenous women are no longer here anymore. It also talks about a ceremony that will feature prayers, drumming and poetry, they want those who will participate to wear red to the event to show solidarity to the indigenous women and girls who have been murdered or have gone missing

CRAAP EVALUATION:

This article is Relevant to the topic because they have a ceremony for those Indigenous women and girls who have been murdered or missing and have visual art pieces about the topic

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Radio Podcast

Missing and Murder Indigenous Woman and Girls

“Missing & Murdered: Unsolved Cases of Indigenous Women and Girls | CBC Radio.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, 10 Apr. 2015, www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-friday-edition-1.3028194/missing-murdered-unsolved-cases-of-indigenous-women-and-girls-1.3028740.

SUMMARY:

This radio talks about how this Indigenous woman named Shelly Dene who disappeared in Edmonton and the last person to talk to her was a her sister. The sister of Shelly is on this radio talking about how her sister's phone was disconnected and she knew something was up because she always talks to her family on her phone

CRAAP EVALUTION:

This radio podcast is credible and trustworthy because of how they have a source who is the sister of missing indigenous woman talking about

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Radio Podcast

“Inquiry Calls Murders and Disappearances of Indigenous Women ‘Canadian Genocide’ | CBC Radio.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, 3 June 2019, www.cbc.ca/radio/frontburner/inquiry-calls-murders-and-disappearances-of-indigenous-women-canadian-genocide-1.5159528.

SUMMARY:

This radio podcast talks about how a national inquiry trying to understand why so many Indigenous woman and girls have gone missing or been killed. This inquiry estimated price is $92 million and a heard testimony from 1 500 people. The testimony includes experts, survivors and family-members of missing/murdered loved-ones.

CRAAP EVALUTION:

This is accurate because of how they have so many sources coming forward to talking in that testimony and the government launched this national inquiry so this is a really reliable source of information

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Type of resource: Article

MLA: Media portrayals of missing and murdered indigenous women. MediaSmarts. (n.d.). https://mediasmarts.ca/digital-media-literacy/media-issues/diversity-media/indigenous-people/media-portrayals-missing-murdered-indigenous-women

Summary

The media's coverage of missing and murdered Indigenous women has come under scrutiny for being less focused than incidents involving white victims. Some media outlets have responded to this criticism by covering it and blaming the victims, while others have minimized or denied the problem even exists, However according to journalists, if the victims had been white, the story would have received more national media attention. Other factors contributing to the lack of coverage are families afraid of the media, limited newsroom travel budgets, and a lack of new sources or leads.

CRAAP EVALUATION:

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Type of resource: Article

MLA: Murdered and missing indigenous women and girls. Femicide in Canada. (2023, September 6). https://femicideincanada.ca/what-is-femicide/history/murdered-and-missing-indigenous-women-and-girls/

Summary

Official statistics in Canada have consistently shown the highlighted issue at a national level. The Sisters in Spirit initiative by NWAC in 2005 revealed that by 2010, over 580 Indigenous women and girls were murdered or went missing. They were more likely to be killed by male acquaintances or strangers than by male partners.

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Type of resource: NEWS EVENT

MLA: National Day of remembrance and action on violence against women. Métis Nation of Ontario. (2020, December 9). https://www.metisnation.org/news/national-day-of-remembrance-and-action-on-violence-against-women-2/?doing_wp_cron=1709776657.6251161098480224609375

Summary

The National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women in Canada honors the memory of the 14 women murdered at L’École Polytechnique de Montréal in 1989. Canadians reflect on gender-based violence on December 6, advocating to eliminate violence against women and girls. Indigenous women face disproportionate levels of violence, with over 1,181 missing or murdered. The Métis Nation of Ontario is actively involved in addressing this issue, advocating for the National Inquiry on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls and supporting initiatives to end violence.

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TYPE OF RESOURCE: Canadian Government Document

SOURCE: A New Approach

MLA: Morneau, William. Tabled in the House of Commons by the Honourable. 2016.

https://www.budget.canada.ca/2016/docs/plan/budget2016-en.pdf

Page 135

NATIONAL INQUIRY INTO MISSING AND MURDERED INDIGENOUS WOMEN AND GIRLS

Summarize: The Canadian government has confirmed that the high cases of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls a national tragedy. On Dec 8 2015 the Canadian Government announced their plan to start a national inquiry. In 2016 they decided to allocate $40 million dollars over two years starting from 2016-17 toward the National Inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls.

CRAAP EVALUTION: the purpose of this Archive is to inform people of a plan for real change in 2015. It speaks often about the future and our progress as a nation but our topic is about the cases of murdered and indigenous women. This archive had lots of information and plans of action on how to deal with these cases.

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TYPE OF RESOURCE: Art / Monument

SOURCE: Anderson, Faye - Memorial for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

MLA: Anderson, Faye. “Memorial for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls | MMIWG.” Mmiwg-Ffada.ca, MMIWG, 14 May 2019, www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/artists/memorial-for-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-and-girls/.

‌

‌

https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/artists/memorial-for-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-and-girls/

Visual art

Summarize: An artist created a memorial for the missing and murdered Indigenous women. This memorial has 783 names that are all confirmed to be victims and an extra 417 that is unnamed but each represent a woman. Over 30 years 1,200 missing or murdered Indigenous women was based on RCMP acknowledgment. After finishing the memorial the artist thanks the companies that supported the memorial and honoring these women.

CRAAP EVALUTION: The purpose of this monument was to remember and to honor the murdered and missing Indigenous women. A list of victims is written all over the monument which is about 1000+ names.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Memorial for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls | MMIWG

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

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TYPE OF RESOURCE: Infographic

SOURCE: Taken the Series

MLA: “Taken the Series - Statistics on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women.” Taken the Series, www.takentheseries.com/infographic/.

‌

Summarize: This infographic is very interactive. Switching the options can show how likely Indigenous women are more likely to be murdered or turn out missing like for example "Indigenous women are 12 times more likely to be murdered or missing than any other women in Canada". At the bottom it shows a counter of how many missing and murdered Indigenous women there are currently.

CRAAP EVALUTION: This infographic has info / counter that keeps track of the cases that have been solved and the ones that had been not. According to the "taken but not forgotten" section of the website you can select the year missing and see that the info goes as far back as 1950 all the way to modern day.

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Privacy Policy

Taken Season Four Inc.

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Data sources and interpretation statement

This infographic uses highly credible data sources and expert interpretation to communicate the odds of an Indigenous woman being murdered or missing compared with other women across Canada.

Data sources

The primary data source used to create this interactive infographic is Dr. Maryanne Pearce's, H.B.A., M.A, doctoral thesis An Awkward Silence: Missing and Murdered Vulnerable Women in Canada and the Canadian Justice System, which includes a database of missing and murdered women and girls in Canada. The database has been updated continually (July 5, 2016), and has been used by CBC for their special series on Indigenous women and girls, the Globe and Mail, and APTN, as well as the RCMP, provincial/territorial governments, non-governmental organizations and grassroots groups across the country.

Main dissertation database sources

Police or Government Websites

Alberta's Missing Persons and Unidentified Remains (www.albertamissingpersons.ca)

British Columbia Minister of Public Safety and Solicitor General (www.missing-u.ca/britishcolumbia.htm)

Canada's Missing People (www.canadasmissing.ca)

Crimestoppers

O.P.P.: Project Resolve (www.missing-u.ca)

RCMP national and regional divisions (www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca)

RCMP: Project KARE (www.kare.ca)

Saskatchewan Chiefs of Police (www.sacp.ca)

Manitoba Chiefs of Police (www.macp.mb.ca)

Provincial police forces:

Ontario (www.opp.ca)

Quebec (www.suretequebec.gouv.qc.ca)

Government-based missing children agencies such as Child Find Canada (www.childfind.ca), Our Missing Children10 and Missing Children Canada (https://missingkids.ca/app/en/missing_children_database)

Municipal police forces throughout Canada:

Barrie Police Service (www.police.barrie.on.ca)

Belleville Police Service (www.police.belleville.on.ca)

Chatham-Kent Police Service (www.ckpolice.ca)

City of Miramichi (www.miramichi.org)

City of Prince George (www.city.pg.bc.ca)

Delta Police Department (www.deltapolice.ca)

Durham Regional Police Service (www.drps.ca)

Edmonton Police Service (www.edmontonpolice.ca)

Edmundston Police (www.edmundston.ca)

Halifax Regional Police (www.halifax.ca/police/)

Halton Regional Police Service (www.hrps.on.ca)

London Police (www.police.london.ca)

Medicine Hat Police Service (www.medicinehatpolice.com)

New Westminster Police (www.nwpolice.org)

Niagara Regional Police Service (www.nrps.com)

Ottawa Police Service (www.ottawa.ca)

Peel Regional Police (www.peelpolice.on.ca)

Prince Albert Police Service (www.papolice.ca)

Québec Secours, online: (http://sitequebecsecours.qc.ca)

Regina Police Service (www.reginapolice.ca)

Saanich Police (www.saanichpolice.ca)

Saskatoon Police Service (www.police.saskatoon.sk.ca)

Strathroy Caradoc Police Service (www.strathroy-caradoc.ca)

Toronto Police (www.torontopolice.on)

Vancouver Police Department (http://vancouver.ca/police)

Victoria Police Department (www.vicpd.ca)

Waterloo Regional Police Service (www.wrps.on.ca)

Winnipeg Police Service (www.winnipeg.ca)

York Regional Police (www.police.york.on.ca)

Non-police or Government Websites, General

Association of the Families of Persons Murdered or Disappeared (www.afpad.ca)

Avis de Recherche (http://adr.tv)

BC Institute Against Family Violence (www.bcifv.org).

Canadian Parents of Murdered Children and Survivors of Homicide Victims Inc. (www.cpomc.ca)

Enfant-Retour Québec (www.enfant-retourquebec.ca)

Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations (www.fsin.co

Giant Dwarf (http://www.giantdwarf.com/id522.htm)

Highway of Tears (www.highwayoftears.ca)

Homeless Nation (http://homelessnation.org)

I am Missing (www.iammissing.ca)

Missing Canadians (www.missingcanadians.ca)

Missing or Unsolved Murders Of Indigenous Sisters (https://crowdmap.com/welcome)

Missing People Net (Wayne Leng) (www.missingpeople.net)

Native Women's Association of Canada (www.nwac.ca)

No More Silence (http://nomoresilence-nomoresilence.blogspot.ca)

North American Missing Persons Network (www.nampn.org)

Ontario's Missing Adults (www.missingadults.ca)

Prime Time Crime (www.primetimecrime.com)

Sex Professionals of Canada (www.spoc.ca)

Sisters in Solidarity (http://sisters-in-solidarity.com)

Stolen and Silent (http://stolenandsilent.weebly.com)

The Charley Project (www.charleyproject.org)

The Doe Network (www.doenetwork.org)

The Last Link on the Left (www.lastlinkontheleft.com)

Unsolved Canada (www.unsolvedcanada.ca)

Vanished Voices (www.vanishedvoices.com)

Websleuths (http://websleuths.com)

Winnipeg Homicides (www.winnipeghomicide.org)

Results interpretation

The data was interpreted by Dr. Tracey Peter, an Associate Professor and Associate Head in the Department of Sociology at the University of Manitoba. Dr. Peter helped transform the data into an odds ratio - a ratio that represents the odds an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure.

To create the odds ratio she combined Dr. Maryanne Pearce's data with Statistics Canada 2011 National Household Survey and newethncity/nnnewstatus variables. All data was then filtered by the last 10 years of murdered or missing women. She recommended focussing analysis on the last 10 years because the population data is based on 2011 (approximately 5 years before and after that date), but to go back further would be difficult since there are more widespread population changes. Finally, the per capita representation was determined allowing for a fair 1:1 comparison between each ethnic group.

About Dr. Tracey Peter

Dr. Tracey Peter is an Associate Professor and Associate Head in the Department of Sociology at the University of Manitoba. Her general research and publication interests include: research methods/applied statistics, mental health and well-being, issues of homophobia and transphobia /LGBTQ-inclusive education, trauma and violence, suicide prevention, and social inequality and marginalization.

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Taken the Series - Statistics on missing and murdered Indigenous women

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In Canada, Indigenous women have a 12 times greater risk of becoming missing or murdered than any other race. See for yourself: compare the risks of being missing and murdered in Canada by ethnic group and province. #mmiw #mmiwg #takentheseries

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Type of resource: RESTORATION MAGAZINE

MLA: Missing and murdered: Part 2. NIWRC. (n.d.-a). https://www.niwrc.org/restoration-magazine/october-2016/missing-and-murdered-part-2

Summary

Many missing and murdered indigenous women advocates are driven by personal loss and community tragedies. Makoons Miller Tanner honors her grandmother, who died under suspicious circumstances in the 1940s, motivating her to support others seeking justice for their loved ones. Despite authorities attributing her grandmother's death to a seizure, her family continues to speak out against the injustice, inspiring Miller Tanner to make a difference through her volunteer work.