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Automation at work

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control mechanism that made it possible to automatically adjust the speed of the train

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1736-1819

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new opportunities for introductions of modern automated systems

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The robots need to be equpped with a gripper that can grasps parts.

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feedbeek systems to control industrial furnaces

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computer invention

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Transfer operations are more complex if the robots has to use a pallet and decide where to place each part on the pallet.

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second half of the 20th century

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first uses in industries

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These applications include the loading/unloading of materials and their transfer from one location to another.

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7. by continually cycling through this feedback loop, the desired room temperature is eventually reached and maintained 

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7. by continually cycling through this feedback loop, the desired room temperature is eventually reached and maintained 

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towards the middle of the 20th century

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6.the boiler either increases or decreases output , depending on the correction signal it has received

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6.the boiler either increases or decreases output , depending on the correction signal it has received

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5. the controller takes corrective action by sending a appropriate instructions to the boiler 

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5. the controller takes corrective action by sending a appropriate instructions to the boiler 

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4. If there is difference between the two figures, the thermostat sends an error signal to the controller

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4. If there is difference between the two figures, the thermostat sends an error signal to the controller

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Are not, strictly speaking, robots since they have to be operated at a distance by human controller, usually via a closed circuit TV camera fixed on the robot.

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3.A thermostat compares this data with its programmed setting for the desired room temperature 

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3.A thermostat compares this data with its programmed setting for the desired room temperature 

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first practical uses for automation

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2.The thermometer feeds the temperature to a comparator

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2.The thermometer feeds the temperature to a comparator

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1.Temperature sensor measures the room temperature 

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1.Temperature sensor measures the room temperature 

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Industrial revolution of the eighteenth century

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Automation is the integration of machines into a self-controlling system.

The operation in response to changing conditions
Is carried out in 3 steps:

1- Measurement: the sensors measure physical variables.
2- Evaluation: The measured informazioni Is evaluated by a computer.
3- Control: The computer activates the monitor ti bring the performance of the system into line with the programmed values.

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It can be operated by telephone or through internet 

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It can be operated by telephone or through internet 

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Automatic machines, can operate in environments, for usafe works, for example: defusing bomb or carrying out space research.
The other disvantages, are the low cost of an automatic system, so it can replace a clerical workers.

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Are the most numerous. Controlled by computer they carry out highly repetitive tasks in factories, in industries like car manufacturing, textile production and food processing.

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Automatic machine make repetitve tasks, and it can't have concentration problems.

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Are complex sophisticated engineering achievements which can replicate human behaviour.

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The robot's brain is a computer that controls all the elements in the device.

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More quickly than human.
That can be used in military aircraft like a radar

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Creating a sensory system is a major challenge.
Few robots can see or hear.

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Automatic system can make planning decisions, for example coordinate traffic lights

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A power source is required to drive this machinery.

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The robot has an artificial muscle system, either a hydraulic system or a pneumatic system.

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The robot has a moveable physical structure.

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is the automated or remote control of appliances in the home

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is the automated or remote control of appliances in the home

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128-130-131-134

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Capitani, Ferrara, Steri

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Losi, Esposto, Ascari

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Emmanuel,Gaspare, Frigieri Fratti

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Righi, Muco, Masoni