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 Conservative Politics in the 1920s: "HALT"

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 Conservative Politics in the 1920s: "HALT"

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The chart below illustrates the United States's trade balance on Goods and Services, which is the difference between a country's imports and its exports during the entire period from 1920 to 1930. It's saying that the amount of imports declined tremendously started from 1921. This demonstrates America's economy in the 20's focused more on exporting goods than importing goods, proving the raise of influence of American businesses domestically as well as internationally.

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Like the previous presidents, Herbert Hoover preferred little intervention from government on businesses and promoted formation of trade associations. However, Hoover often advocated for humanitarian projects and supported some progressive ideas such as endorsing labor unions and federal regulation of the radio broadcasting industry in the nation.

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"I am like any other man. All I do is supply a demand." this quote reflects Al Capone's whole career hustling alcohol during the prohibition period. He's literally just following the marketing guidelines.

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Harding's conservative economic agenda believed in the "trickle down" economics, cutting tax on the corporations and the wealthy so they can invest in business. He set higher tariffs such as the "Fordney-McCumber Tariff" to prevent cheap foreign goods. in America. Using laissez-faire economics, Harding eased the restriction on businesses, supporting monopolies and consolidating industries by ignoring antitrust laws and forming trade associations. Businessmen ran the government, rejecting programs for normal citizens, suppressing labor unions by appointing conservatives. Moreover, Harding attempted to reduce the size of the government, which reduced debts.

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It's talking how a woman recklesslly loves a man who does not love her back. That's his sin of letting her love him. This song depict how women are not shy anymore, they reveal everything!

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Understated beauty. A #2 hit for Ben Selvin in 1929, and #7 for Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. Annette is billed as "Gay Ellis" on the record label. With the New Englanders. Written by Lew Brown, Buddy DeSylva and Ray Henderson. Recorded April 30, 1929.

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carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom. Ggod I love this dress.

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a baseball player who was signed to the Yankees in 1923. He was renown for his bravery and endurance who continued to play regardless of injury. Massproduced radios made baseball popular, as well as newspaper.

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Warren G. Harding's Presidential Campaign

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Warren G. Harding's Presidential Campaign

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President Harding's "A Return to Normalcy" made the less interested in international issues America to reserve away from international involvement and reforming zeal of the Progressive Era, promoting isolationism, nativism, and laissez-faire. In the 1920's,  America avoided joining alliances with other nations, raising tariffs. Nativism was sparked by the formation of the Red Scare, limiting immigrants. Government, at the time, controlled unions and eased enforcement on businesses.

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In 1920, USA rised as the superpower of the world. The cartoonists portray America as this free country with unlimited opportunities with free food, healthcare, jobs, education, but "USA KEEP OUT" represents the KKK and nativists not wanting people, foreigners to increase population.

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F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise

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F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise

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The concept of the "Lost Generation" that was illustrated in This Side of Paradise  indicated the generation of materialistic people who were affected by the horror of the World War at the time. The term was also specifically implied the generation of writers, who nurtured resentment toward the current American society and its materialism of the 1920's. The name "Lost Generation" was originated by Gertrude Stein. Going against the elder generation's values, they opposed prohibition and materialism . They're self-indulgent, preferring luxurious lifestyles.

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F.Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise

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F.Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise

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3 leading jazz musicians are Louis Armstrong, Kid Ory, and King Oliver. Jazz music influenced all aspects of society, from fashion of the flappers, jazz poetry, sexual liberation, and gained respect as an African American art form.

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Harlem Renaissance was an explosion of African American poetry, literature, art, and music where many black artists expressed their experience of pain and sorrow from the discrimination, taken place in Harlem, a black enclave in NYC.
One of the greatest contributors of the Harlem Renaissance were Marcus Garvey, who advocated the "Back to Africa Movement" and promoted separatism of blacks from whites' society or production. Duke Ellington was a famous artist of the most famous Jazz bands in music history. And, Zora Neale Hurtson is also one of the premier African American writer during the era.
Jamming at the Savoy (1980-81) by Romare Bearden

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Previously, the organization's origins fought for Women's suffrage. Began from 1923, the National Women's Party, led by Alice Paul, advocated for the Equal Rights Amendment through militant methods.

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Motion Pictures during the 1920's had became the nation's leading form of entertainment. The production of many movies at the time influenced American to engage much more on entertainment in the big screen, bounding Americans together as movies standardizing  styles, and morals. Millions of Americans were engaged to the industry; hence, actors and actresses became extremely influential and successful as the result.
The Jazz Singer was the first talkie film which contributed in abolishing silent movies and influenced production of color films.

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The Jazz Singer | "Ain't Heard Nothin' Yet" Scene | Warner Bros. Entertainment

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link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMujQke4mMo
The broadcast was the first radio broadcast that was used publicly by the KDKA in Pittsburgh on 20 November, 1920. This attempted to broadcast the election of 1920, where the victory went to Harding.
At the same time, many national radio networks had emerged like CBS and NBC. The radio eventually transformed and influenced American society by stimulating economy, improving the influence of music and other forms of entertainment, promoting sports, social, or political events, and uniting the culture across America such as using standardized accent during broadcast.

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Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation. Margaret sanger fought for women's birth control;  she convinced Americans and people around the world that they have basic human rights: A woman has a right to control her body, everyone should be able to decide when or whether to have a child. She created planned parenthood. Sigmund Freud said that sexual repression was responsible for most of society's ills, and that pleasure and health demanded sexual gratification and liberation.

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An American aviator, engineer , and Pulitzer Prize winner. He was famous for flying solo across the Atlantic, paving the way for future aviation development.

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The Lindbergh Story - Full Vintage Documentary - 3688

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As a 25-year-old U.S. Air Mail pilot, Lindbergh emerged suddenly from virtual obscurity to instantaneous world fame as the result of his Orteig Prize-winning solo non-stop flight on May 20--21, 1927, made from Roosevelt Field[N 1] in Garden City on New York's Long Island to Le Bourget Field in Paris, France, a distance of nearly 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km), in the single-seat, single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane Spirit of St.

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Henry Ford wanted to create an affordable car for the common man. The Average car costed 2000, but Ford's car costed 850. He introduced the "assembly line" system for manufactoring in 1913, inspired by  meat packing industry. Without the assembly line, a car would take 12 hours to make, but with the assembly line, making a car would only take 1 hour. He payed his workers 5 a day (which is more than average) to increase business, make his worker consumers, and reduce worker turnover. he put into practice techniques of mass production that would revolutionize American industry, including the use of large production plants; standardized, interchangeable parts; and the moving assembly line. Mass production significantly cut down on the time required to produce an automobile, which allowed costs to stay low.

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During the prohibition period of America (1920-1933), he bootlegged (the production, transporting, and selling of alcohol) and made millions. He bribed politician, judges, and police officers to keep his bootlegging flowing. His thousand-member gang was blamed for hundreds of murders. The Volstead Act meant to enforce the 18th amendment ( the sales, transportation, manufacturing of alcohol) , but federal government didn't give the enforcers much money and supply, so they were outnumbered by the millions of Americans who wanted a drink.

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Coolidge's "A man who builds a factory, builds a temple" indicated the importance and respect  for businesses in America as it associated business with religious worship, claiming that businessmen are like preachers of religion. Through this quote, America's business in the 1920's was glorified like a religion and they were considered to be the rulers of the nation, giving rise to the era of America's Mass-Consumption Economy

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National prohibition of alcohol aimed to reduce crime, corruption, solve social problems, and improve health and hygiene problems. Speakeasy, an illegal store that sells alcohol were popular. It failed, because the illegal stores could afford bribes from the local police, federal agents, and instead it was causing corruption and organized crime.

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The National Origins Act of 1924 restricted the flow of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, and Asia until the 60's. This decreased the number of European immigration to the US during the 1920.

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The Scopes Trial is a popular trial where a science teacher, John Thomas Scopes, was accused for violating Tennessee state law of prohibiting teaching of evolution in high school. This trial invoked attention on citizens' liberty because of the participation of the American Civil Liberties Union. During the trial, the court failed to rule that the Tennessee state law was unconstitutional which resulted a win for William Jennings Bryan, the prosecutor against Scopes; however, Bryan was heavily ridiculed at the trial, resulting his lost of credibility to the public, his reputation, and his life.
This trial shows how America in the 1920's was very restricted to fundamentalism of Christian belief, or other form of beliefs.

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When Clarence Darrow's witnesses are dismissed by the judge, he has no choice but to put the opposing attorney, William Jennings Bryan, on the witness stand. The Comedy Central app has full episodes of your favorite shows available now. http://on.cc.com/1e85GN8

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The KKK promoted patriotism and white supremacy; they also didn't want America to transition to an urban industrial city, but instead, an agrarian rural society. They attacked intellectuals, elites, African American, catholic, jews, and foreigners. They emerged during the reconstruction period of America; the members mostly consisted of ex-confederates (hence the white clothing resembling dead ghosts).

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Under the threat of communism, Palmer Raids were conducted by the US Department of Justice to arrest radicals of communism or anarchism. It failed to find targeted radicals in US.

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Uploaded by Scott Elliott on 2016-01-22.

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Immediately after the WWI, America economy was inflated, food prices doubled, and clothing tripled.  In addition, society was feared of the influence of Bolshevism. Steel workers fought for wages and working hours. However, the union experienced a complete defeat, suffered espionage, blacklists, and denial of freedom of speech during the process of the strike. It's known as the Seattle General Strike.
Other big strikes in the 1920's:
1. The Boston Police Strike
2. The Coal Miner's Strike

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Sacco and Vanzetti were anarchists, believing that social justice would come through the destruction of the government. During the 20's, there was a fear of communism, and Sacco and Vanzetti resolved the fear by rallying up anti-communists, and support from the left wing. One day, they were convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard.  It was so controversial, because many believed they were framed of the crime, and the court were biased towards them, because they were atheists, anarchists, and pro-union. There wasn't enough evidence to name them guilty, but they were executed anyways.

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Americanism was glam and and drunken, because people now know how to use credit card, the nouveau riche  emerges, and people were just drinking to escape reality, which is the depression from the WWI. People hosted lavish party, because they are more affluent. Because of this new wealth, Americans found themselves in a consumer society, and developing mass cultures. Women were more free such as flappers, who said unladylike things, were short dresses, and smoked. Vacumn and the washing machines, and ready to wear fashion made it easier for woman. Ford produced an affordable car. Tension sourced from the ban of alcohol.

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1919:
Jan, 1919: Seattle General Strike took place.
Sep, 1919: Boston Police Strike and the Great Steel Strike took place.
Nov, 1919: United Mine Workers of America Strike took place and the Palmer Raids where 249 radicals were deported to Russia.

1920:
Jan 2, 1920: 5000 suspected communists were arrested across the United States.
Jan 16, 1920: The 18th Amendment was passed and enforced by the Volstead Act of 1919.
Nov 3, 1920: Election of 1920, Harding won and the KDKA broadcast-ed  its first broadcast.
The League of Women Voters was founded.

1921:
Immigrant Act ended open immigration which only allowed 350,000 immigrants per year.
The Sacco and Vanzetti case was brought to the court.
American Birth Control League was founded by Margaret Sanger.

1922:
The Fordney-McCumber Tariff was passed.

1923:
August, 1923: Harding died.
The National Women's Party was established.

1924:
The National Origins Act reduced the limit of immigrants per year to 152,000.

1925:
Scopes Trial took place and The Man Nobody Knows by Bruce Barton was published.

1926:
The Sun Also Rises  and the Soldier's Pay were written.
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) was established.

1927:
The convicts in the Sacco and Vanzetti case were sentenced to death on electric chair.
Charles Lindbergh flew the first solo flight across the Atlantic.
The first talking movie The Jazz Singer were released.

1928:
Election of 1928, Hoover won.

1929:
The Agricultural  Marketing Act was passed by Congress.
Oct 29, 1929: The Great Crash (Black Tuesday).

1930:
Federal Farm Board was established.
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff was passed.