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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_mining

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Hydraulic   Mining
disadvantages Sacramento. Extensive levees had to be constructed to protect riparian lands. Although hydraulic mining was banned by federal law in 1848, the huge slug of mining debris severely impacted streams. Its effects can still be seen.Environmental impact of mining. Acid mine drainage in the Rio Tinto River. The environmental impact of mining includes erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes.

Advantages Steeped in mining and transportation history, now-peaceful Dutch Flat and Gold Run buzzed with activity from 1851 until 1848, when hydraulic mining was outlawed by a federal court. Hydraulic-mined gold fields show the lasting effects of destructive mining well over a century later.

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Hydraulic Mining is using water.

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In 1848 about gold in the sierra Nevada  foothills, early day  entrepreneur Sam Brannan Cornered the California market on pans, picks, and shovels.Another popular tool was the rocker or cradle, and indeed, this tool did vaguely resemble a child’s cradle.Using a handle on the rocker to push it back and forth, the miner dumped gravel into the top part and finer and heavier particles dropped through a screen, helped along by buckets of water.

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1. Find a pan - anything with sloping sides will work, or see a list of gold pan dealers below.

2. Choose a likely location - see tips and links below for ideas.

3. Fill your pan with sand and/or gravel.

4. Dip your pan into the creek, or pour water into the pan.

5. Shake the pan in a sideways, back-and-forth manner. The gold will now start to settle to the bottom of the pan.

6. After a couple of minutes of shaking, pick out the bigger rocks that are getting separated (make sure than you don't throw away any nuggets!)

7. Tilt your pan away from you a bit and start letting gravel fall out. Remember, the gold is rapidly settling to the bottom of the pan now.

8. Add water as necessary to keep a good "soupy" gravel mixture - it helps the gold settle.

9. Keep tilting the pan more and more, and letting the gravel on top fall over the side. The bottom of the pan should always be lower than the lip of the pan, though, or the gold will fall out.

10. As you get to the last bit of sand in your pan, adding a circular motion to your shaking will make the gold separation more obvious - not more efective, but more fun to watch.

11. The last bit of sand takes care, and is the slowest part - as long as you don't tip your pan too far, though, the gold will stay in the pan. The traditional declaration of success is "Bonanza!"

12. Get a small glass container.

13. Put your gold into the container - it will stick to your finger in the pan, then wash it off into the container.

14. Display the container on your mantel to impress the neighbours!

15. Repeat as needed.