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The 13th amendment was the first to abolish slavery "involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime." It was the precursor for the 14th and 15th amendments that gave more rights to slaves and African Americans. However this amendment did not stop racial discrimination.

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Aimed to extended rights to African Americans. It gave citizenship to everyone born in America and prohibited states from denying equal protection of the law.  Created controversy between the North and South and lead to segregation.

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Allowed African Americans to vote. It was also used to invalidate literacy tests that were given in order to keep blacks from voting. However this amendment did not lead to voting rights for white women or women of color alike.

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Was the first African American to play in Major League Baseball. It was the first break in segregation in football and lead the way for other black sports players.

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President Truman signed executive order 9981 to officially desegregate the military. He also required the military to provide equal opportunities for all citizens alike.

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A black teenager murdered by two white men in Mississippi. His death enraged the black community and was a turning point in society and culture. It was the end of public intimidation through violence. Occurring when the civil right movement was taking rise it eventually lead to the abolishment of lynchings.

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Was known as the mother of the civil rights movement. She refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus. She was then arrested. This began the Montgomery bus boycott which demanded integration of buses. This was the beginning of the civil rights movement.

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Little Rock school tried to integrate its students which lead to lots of fighting between the two sides. The National Guard blocked 9 black kids from entering the school which challenged the federal government. The nine kids entered but then removed in fear of violence. Eisenhower ordered 1,000 troops to escort the students yet the students still faced harassment. This fueled the civil rights movement more.

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Non-violent sit ins at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter. Led a wave of other sit ins in the US to end racial segregation in the South. It was the largest reported sit in with 50,000 people participating in more than 70 different cities. In the end 9 different stores including Woolworth desegregated lunch counters.

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A series of interstate bus rides where students peacefully caused civil disobedience to confront Jim Crow laws and illegal segregation of buses. Even when faced with violence the freedom riders remained peaceful. JFK threatened to send in federal troops if these riders were not protected by state governments. 120 bus terminals in the South were now integrated because of the freedom rides.

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Non violent protests part of a campaign by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference against segregation. These protest became violent once the police began to suppress them. This was a turning point in the civil rights movement as it led to more and protests. Desegregation started to occur in Birmingham however tensions were still rising.

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1963: MLK Jailed and the Letter from Birmingham Jail

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1963: MLK Jailed and the Letter from Birmingham Jail

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MLK violated the law against mass public demonstrations. MLK wrote a letter from his jail cell that soon became spread among many people and published in many papers. It was used as testimony in congress and was later published in MLK's book Why We Can’t Wait.

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This was the largest demonstration for human rights in American history having more than 250,000 walkers. It united many civil rights organizations. It was a huge success drawing attention to the important civil rights problem. MLK gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech. After the march JFK fully supported the civil rights movement. The march lead to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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Prohibited a poll tax before allowed people to vote. People used taxes to limit voter participation however without a tax people who were poor were now allowed to vote. Poorer African Americans were now allowed to vote without economic restrictions.

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A law that covered many areas of discrimination and had a great effect on the civil rights movement. It addressed segregation and voting rights of African Americans. Other minorities used it as well to fight for the same rights. It was the base for other Acts to come.

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1964: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

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1964: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

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Was created under Section VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to stop discrimination in employment. It investigated all acts of reported discrimination in workplaces and build cases and lawsuits against them when necessary to insure equal opportunity.

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The Act guaranteed voting rights for all Americans. Even with the 15th amendment some states restricted African Americans to vote (literacy tests, etc.) however the Voting Act enforced the 15th amendment and allowed all to vote. States were no longer allowed to change voting laws without federal approval and literacy tests were banned.

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MLK lead the civil rights movement and his death signaled the end of it. There were riots and outburst after his death. MLK was shot on the balcony of his hotel and James Earl Ray Jr. confessed to the murder. Many believe his death was by conspirators.

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This act prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin specifically in jobs and businesses. It was made to protect workers seeking equal rights. MLK’s assassination pressured congress to pass the bill.

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The case was that mandatory school attendance was unconstitutional in the case of the Amish because it violated their First Amendment right of freedom of religion. The mandatory law was found not applicable to the Amish.

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A very controversial court case that legalized abortions for all women. Jane Roe was unmarried and pregnant and sought out a safe abortion but was denied one by the state of Texas. She made the argument that this abridged her personal privacy which was protected by the constitution.