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1.      Advantage

o   JAD has helped IT professionals to develop more efficient systems and applications

o   Participants are drawn from different departments of an organization result in bring divergent needs to be fulfilled.

2.      Disadvantage

o   More expensive and can be cumbersome if thegroup is too large relative to the size of the project

o   poor communication between professional system developers and users of the system accounts for half of all system errors.

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project benefit can be tangible which means the benefit can be measured or quantified which can increase revenue when project has direct impact on the revenue of the organisation.

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Advantage
1.Reduced time and cost
2.Improved and increased user involvement
Disadvantage
1.Insufficient analysis
2.User confusion of prototype and finished system

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scope: what you need to include to build the information system.
time:how long will it take to complete it.
cost:what cost you will have to consider.
quality: what is the quality standard you aim for.
Risk:what kind risk you will face.

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The important to pay close attention to mobile application development is because of the shift in paradigm from the traditional websites to mobile apps. Mobile apps also been a heart of many business because many startups whether are promoting their businesses through mobile apps itself.

Responsive Web Design is suitable for informational web pages, with information on the right side of the screen in desktop applications brought to the bottom of the page in mobile applications.

Reduces maintenance cost and effort due to single link.

Provides control and flexibility

Single code base – build once, run across all devices

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Advantage :
- More acceptable for users : easy for people who are not professional software developers to program computers.
- Encourages innovation and creative solution

Disadvantage :
- Incompatible prevent sharing :
- Greatly increased costs

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Q4(A)Cost system
(I)intangible cost- Intangible costs are costs it is impossible to predict and quantify. Unexpected costs of software amendments, tailoring and maintenance.
(II)tangible cost-  A quantifiable cost related to an identifiable source or asset. Tangible costs represent expenses arising from such things as purchasing materials, paying employees or renting equipment.

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companies should examines their portfolio of project in term of potential benefit and likely risk.
1. project with high risk and high benefits should be examine cautiously to monitor the project.
2. project with high risk and low benefits have to be avoid. it won't benefits you anyway so just throw it off
3. project with low risk but high benefits must be identify and develop it.
4. project with low risk and low benefits are kinds of routine project.

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Intangible Benefit
*This will increase student satisfaction because of the easier and convenience for the student during payment.
*This will also more saving in time if the student using online banking and they also can indirectly save another cost such as petrol cost.etc.

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Advantage
1.This documentation ensures that system requirements can be traced back to stated business requirements.
2.It produces many intermediate products that can be reviewed to see whether they meet the user’s needs and conform to standards. These can be further worked on if they require tweaks to be made, ensuring that the business gets exactly what it needs.

Disadvantage
1.Users cannot easily review intermediate products and evaluate whether a particular product (e.g., data flow diagram) meets their business requirements.
2.Documentation is expensive and time-consuming to create. It is also difficult to keep current.