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son of Maria Theresa and was the most radical if the enlightened despots; initiated ambitious reforms in his nation

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Frederick the II (Frederick the Great) Prussia

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Frederick the II (Frederick the Great) Prussia

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believed in absolute monarchy to make Prussia a strong nation. However, he believed strongly in teaching of Voltaire and introduced many reforms into his country

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she actively exchanged letters with philosophes Diderot and Voltaire and attempted to apply many of their teachings to her reign

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The ideas of Enlightenment quickly throughout Europe, Russia, Austria, Prussia and the Americas
Recognizing that they could not achieve lasting change alone, several

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Scottish economist Adam Smith recorded his viewpoints in his book, The Wealth of Nations
Argued that business activities should take place in a free marked without government interference and believed the market would be stronger if the forces of supply and demand were allowed to work freely

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Challenged these views by demanding equal rights from women (especially in education) and argued that men and women should be equal in society if they received equal education

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In the mid-1700s, French philosopher Denis Diderot complied the Encyclopedia
25 volume series of books which explained and promoted knowledge regarding art, government, religion, and science

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French Philosophe Voltaire defended the ideas of freedom of thought, speech and expression

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French Thinker that argued that the best government included a separation of powers (dividing power among the branches of government)

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The Scientific Revolution caused a new generation of philosophers
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Baron de Montesquies

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a book written by John Locke where he described his ideas in

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Parties hosted by Persian women where scholars met and discussed their ideas

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English philosopher that taught people were naturally good, tolerant, happy and reasonable;
says that all people were born equal and with natural right of life, liberty and property
he said the purpose of government was to protect peoples natural rights and that a governments leaders should be chosen by the people

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an agreement that says citizens agree to give up some freedom for government

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French philosopher taught that people were born good but were corrupted by society
he believed that government should work for the benefit of common citizen and agreed with the idea of social contract to benefit the community as a whole

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believed that people were selfish and greedy and wrote about his views in his book Leviathan that was published in 1651
Believed that people needed government to impose order and believed absolute monarch was the best

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The Scientific Revolution caused a new generation of philosophers called philosophes to view reason as the best way to solve society's problem. This time of optimism and possibility became known as the Enlightenment, a time period from the late 1600s to late 1700s