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Việt Minh was a national independence coalition formed

at Pác Bó on May 19, 1941. The Việt Nam Độc Lập Đồng

Minh Hội had previously formed in Nanjing, China, at some

point between August 1935 and early 1936 when the

non-communist Vietnamese Nationalist of other Vietnamese

nationalist parties formed an anti-imperialist united front.

This organisation soon lapsed into inactivity, only to be revived

by the ICP and Ho Chi Minh in 1941. The Việt Minh initially

formed to seek independence for Vietnam from the French Empire.

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Agent Orange was a powerful mixture of chemical defoliants used by U.S. military forces during the Vietnam War to eliminate forest cover for North Vietnamese.

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a political organization and army in South Vietnam and

Cambodia that fought the United States and South

Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War,

and emerged on the winning side. It had both guerrilla

and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres

who organized peasants in the territory it controlled.

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James William Fulbright was a United States Senator representing Arkansas from January 1945 until his resignation in December 1974.

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was a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. The organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969.

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The Hồ Chí Minh trail was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to the Republic of Vietnam through the neighboring kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia.

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Tonkin Gulf Resolution/The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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Tonkin Gulf Resolution/The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (August 7, 1964) gave broad congressional approval for expansion of the Vietnam War. During the spring of 1964, military planners had developed a detailed design for major attacks on the North, but at that time President Lyndon B. Johnson and his advisers feared that the public would not support an expansion of the war. By summer, however, rebel forces had established control over nearly half of South Vietnam, and Senator Barry Goldwater, the Republican nominee for president, was criticizing the Johnson administration for not pursuing the war more aggressively.

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was an American business executive and the eighthSecretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 underPresidents John F. KennedyandLyndon B. Johnson, during which time he played a large role in escalating the United States involvement in theVietnam War.[5]Following that, he served as President of theWorld Bankfrom 1968 to 1981. McNamara was responsible for the institution ofsystems analysisinpublic policy, which developed into the discipline known today aspolicy analysis.[6]McNamara consolidated intelligence and logistics functions ofthe Pentagoninto two centralized agencies: theDefense Intelligence Agencyand theDefense Supply Agency.

Prior to public service, McNamara was one of the "Whiz Kids" who helped rebuildFord Motor CompanyafterWorld War II, and briefly served as Ford's President before becoming Secretary of Defense.

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an operation developed for United States troops in Vietnam; troops would move through a designated area destroying troops as they found them

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a rapid increase; a rise.

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Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the climactic confrontation of the

First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary

Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries. It was, from the

French view before the event, a set piece battle to draw out the Vietnamese

and destroy them with superior firepower. The battle occurred between

March and May 1954 and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat

that influenced negotiations over the future of Indochina at Geneva.

Military historian Martin Windrow wrote that Dien Bien Phu was "the

first time that a non-European colonial independence movement had

evolved through all the stages from guerrilla bands to a conventionally

organized and equipped army able to defeat a modern Western occupier in pitched battle.

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Operation Rolling Thunder was the title of a

gradual and sustained US 2nd Air Division,

US Navy, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force

aerial bombardment campaign conducted

against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

from 2 March 1965 until 2 November 1968,

during the Vietnam War.

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James William Fulbright was a

United States Senator representing

Arkansas from January 1945 until

his resignation in December

1974. Fulbright was a Southern

Democrat and a staunch multilateralist

who supported the creation of the

United Nations and the longest

serving chairman in the history of

the Senate Foreign Relations

Committee. He was also a segregationist

who signed the Southern

Manifesto. Fulbright opposed McCarthyism

and the House

Un-American Activities Committee and

later became known

for his opposition to American involvement

in the Vietnam War.

His efforts to establish an international

exchange program

eventually resulted in the creation of

a fellowship program

which bears his name, the Fulbright

Program

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War hawk: someone favoring war in a debate to go into war

Doves: someone opposing to go to war in a debate to g into war

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Ngô Đình Diệm was the first president of South Vietnam.

In the wake of the French withdrawal from Indochina as

a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diệm led the effort

to create the Republic of Vietnam. Accruing considerable

U.S. support due to his staunch anti-communism,

he announced victory after a fraudulent 1955 plebiscite

in which he won 600,000 votes from an electorate of

450,000 and began building a right-wing dictatorship in

South Vietnam.

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Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader

who was prime minister and president of the Democratic

Republic of Vietnam. He was a key figure in the foundation

of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as

the People's Army of Vietnam and the Việt Cộng during the

Vietnam War.