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- Google Fact Check Sources
- Current Medical evidence from authoritative health-focused sites
- Citation + date
- Corroborated information in other credible sites
- Scan for bias, language, photos, domain (.com / .org ...  )
- Author credentials and reputation
- Interpretation of Information
- About Us Page

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Every day there's new and sometimes conflicting information and research coming out about COVID-19 origins, prevention, symptoms, treatments, and potential cures or vaccines.

Unfortunately, medical misinformation is spreading even faster. Sometimes, it's scientific studies being badly misinterpreted. Other times, it's more deceptive. Buying into misinformation could lead to dangerous consequences for your health and the health of your loved ones.

The next time someone shares a COVID-19 'fact' via text or social media, verify it before you share it! Use this checklist to protect yourself from the COVID-19 infodemic:

2. Confirm what the CURRENT medical evidence says from authoritative health-focused sites:

iHealth Facts: Check the reliability of a COVID-19 claim, which is verified against the current scientific literature

Snopes Medical: Check internet rumours and stories - like your cousin's Facebook post about sipping garlic water to fight the coronavirus (Spoiler: it doesn't work!)

Is a link or citation to any studies mentioned? Or is there only a vague line about ''science says..." or "studies show..."?

Note the date of the article or social media post. With thousands of COVID-19 papers coming out weekly, the information could soon be out-of-date.

Given the urgency, there can be much excitement about a single study, and is often taken as definite proof. Though promising at first, the study cited could have since been discredited (e.g. as was the case with one of the first studies on the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine)

Pro tip: Double check the study that's being cited to see if it's been red-flagged in Retraction Watch's COVID-19 section

Have the same findings been reported in many credible media outlets? Or are you only seeing this on social media or just one news site?

Do other medical or public health experts provide their opinion and explain what the findings could mean for the real world? Just ONE study on 10 people ≠ what works for the general population

Even if a political figure states something about COVID-19, they could be misinterpreting scientific studies, or misrepresenting the findings to serve a political agenda

Pro tip: Fact check the statement using non-partisan sites like FactsCan or FactCheck.org

Pro tip: Use a reverse image search engine to figure out if it's been altered or taken out of context, with tools like Google Reverse Image Search, TinEye, YouTube Data, or Serelay
(L: Screenshot of a forwarded WhatsApp message of a purported memo sent by a Stanford Hospital board member (March 13, 2020); R: Tweet from Stanford University refuting the hoax message (March 13, 2020) )

Dig even deeper into the expert being cited! Even if their credentials seem legitimate at first glance (e.g. a PhD or an MD), do a Google search to see their reputation among other experts. Has their research been strongly supported, or widely debunked?

Pro tip: Search for the expert's name along with keywords like 'retraction', 'fabrication', 'falsified data', 'scientific misconduct', 'pseudoscience' or 'conspiracy theory'

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For credible sources of health information on COVID-19:

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How can I spot misinformation about the coronavirus and COVID-19?

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Every day there's new and sometimes conflicting information and research coming out about COVID-19 origins, prevention, symptoms, treatments, and potential cures or vaccines. Unfortunately, medical misinformation is spreading even faster. Sometimes, it's scientific studies being badly misinterpreted. Other times, it's more deceptive.

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Explanation: six-minute clip from the film titled "Plandemic: Indoctornation" seeks to raise fears about the vaccines that could help address the COVID-19 pandemic, and it makes misleading claims about the vaccines currently in clinical trials.

Read the Full Article (AFP)

This false claim originated from: FB

The #CoronavirusFacts database records fact-checks published since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. The pandemic and its consequences are constantly evolving and data that was accurate weeks or even days ago might have changed. Remember to check the date when the fact-check you are reading was published before sharing it.

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Misleading claims about COVID-19 vaccine spread by 'Plandemic' video - Poynter

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Explanation: six-minute clip from the film titled "Plandemic: Indoctornation" seeks to raise fears about the vaccines that could help address the COVID-19 pandemic, and it makes misleading claims about the vaccines currently in clinical trials. Read the Full Article (AFP) This false claim originated from: FB The #CoronavirusFacts database records fact-checks published since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Daniel Russell (Senior Research Scientist Google) presenting the Basics of Google Search

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Daniel Russell (Senior Research Scientist Google) presenting the Basics of Google Search

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxlpTzK9iG-2M0dmMEZpWTZGNVk/view

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https://www.google.com/insidesearch/searcheducation/lessons.html

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https://www.google.com/advanced_image_search

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https://view.genial.ly/58d3a7e7b69aaa1290e21ffc/interactive-content-google

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in progress

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https://thebig6.org

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Citation is a reference of information sources.

https://literaryterms.net/apa-citation/

In other words, citation is acknowledging the source you used by including bibliographic information such as the author, year of publication, publisher, title etc...

NOTE: Everything should be cited:
A quote, a Picture, Music, Words...

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it is important to cite to:
- Give credit to the author.
- Avoid plagiarism.
- Add credibility to your information.
- Help readers who wish to know more by referring to your reference list.
- Verify facts and accuracy of information.

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- Your own Findings.
- Your own opinion.
- Famous sayings such as "It's raining cats and dogs".
- Common Knowledge.

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* A.P.A.
used for Math and Science https://literaryterms.net/apa-citation/
* M.L.A.
used for Language Arts/ Social Science
https://www.mla.org/MLA-Style

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https://researchguides.ben.edu/source-evaluation

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Plagiarism is when you take the work of someone (including pictures, images, and ideas) and present it as your own
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/plagiarism

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_ Paraphrasing
_ Quoting
- In-text Citation
- Citing at the end (A full reference list)

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Paraphrasing is to rewrite the same meaning in your own words and in your own style of writing.

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- Remain (Some words you cannot change)
- Replace (Find a synonym for a word- Use a thesaurus.)
- Rearrange (Arrange the order of ideas in your own voice or style of writing)
- Recheck (Review your work and  cite it).

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CITATION  MANAGMENENT TOOLS:                                     

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CITATION  MANAGMENENT TOOLS:                                     

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EASY BIB:
https://www.easybib.com

CITATION MACHINE:
https://www.citationmachine.net

MICROSOFT (REFERENCES)

CITE FAST:
https://www.citefast.com/?s=APA7#_Webpage

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STEP 1: TASK DEFINITION

STEP 2: INFORMATION SEEEKING STRATEGIES

STEP 3: LOCATION AND ACCESS

STEP 4: INFORMATION SEEKING STRATEGIES

STEP 5: SYNTHESIS

STEP 6: EVALUATION

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At HPS. Br., we have a subscription to Turnitin Software (For grades 10 to 12)

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C.R.A.A.P. Test- CURRENCY:                                    The timeliness of the informationWhen was the information published or posted?Has the information been revised or updated?Is the information current or out-of date for your topic?Are the links functional?   

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C.R.A.A.P. Test- CURRENCY:                                    The timeliness of the informationWhen was the information published or posted?Has the information been revised or updated?Is the information current or out-of date for your topic?Are the links functional?   

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The importance of the information for your needs

Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question?

Who is the intended audience?

Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too elementary or advanced for your needs)?

Have you looked at a variety of sources before determining this is one you will use?

Would you be comfortable using this source for a research paper?

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C.R.A.A.P. Test- ACCURACY:                                    The reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the contentWhere does the information come from?Is the information supported by evidence?Has the information been reviewed or refereed?Can you verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?Does the language or tone seem biased and free of emotion?Are there spelling, grammar, or other typographical errors?

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C.R.A.A.P. Test- ACCURACY:                                    The reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the contentWhere does the information come from?Is the information supported by evidence?Has the information been reviewed or refereed?Can you verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?Does the language or tone seem biased and free of emotion?Are there spelling, grammar, or other typographical errors?

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The source of the information

Who is the author /publisher/source/sponsor?

Are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?

What are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?

What are the author's qualifications to write on the topic?

Is there contact information, such as a publisher or e-mail address?

Does the URL reveal anything about the author or source?

examples:

.com (commercial), .edu (educational), .gov (U.S. government)

.org (nonprofit organization), or

.net (network)

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C.R.A.A.P. Test- PURPOSE:                                     The reason the information exists. What is the purpose of the information? to inform? teach? sell? entertain? persuade? Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or purpose clear? Is the information fact? opinion? propaganda?Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional, or personal biases?

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C.R.A.A.P. Test- PURPOSE:                                     The reason the information exists. What is the purpose of the information? to inform? teach? sell? entertain? persuade? Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or purpose clear? Is the information fact? opinion? propaganda?Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional, or personal biases?

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EsMtlx8wuI