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Kate Garvey
Fun Facts:
*The largest of the giant squirrel family,
Red and White Giants can grow to one meter in length
*They are completely nocturnal
*When flying, their tails move side to side for steering purposes

Physical Appearance:
*Average body length ranges from 35-48cm
*Tail alone ranges from 43-62cm
*Weight is generally between 1200 and 2000 grams
*There is not a large disparity in size between male and females
*Their heads are white, often with reddish eye patches while their backs and stomachs are a combination of orange, brown, and red
*tail ends and paws are black

Trophic Level:
*secondary consumers (omnivore)

Predators:
*Hawks, eagles, and owls

Competitors:
*Other small
mammals and rodents native to Asia that compete for the same food source include mongeese, shrews, and otters.

Native Habitat:
*forests of China and Taiwan

Diet:
*nuts
*fruits
*leafy vegetation
*insects
*larvae

Special Adaptations:
* They are able to glide from tree to tree (up to 400m) using the flaps of skin stretched across their limbs.

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fun facts

• they are “poisonous” birds
• are of “least concern” because of their large range

physical appearance

• yellowish-brown w/ blue crown of feathers on its head (where it gets its name)
• short, round wings and booted legs
• males: have a white streak behind their eye
• females: have a dull yellow streak behind their eye
• 16-17 cm long
• weigh 34 - 36 g

trophic level

• secondary consumer

predators

• new guinean hunters

competitors

n/a

native habitat

• new guinea / papua new guinea
• forest - subtropical / tropical moist montane

diet

• omnivores
• berries
• insects
• choresine - source of bird’s toxic exterior

special adaptations

• toxic feathers: probably because of their diet (esp. chores in app. beetles) , they have batrachotoxin within their feathers and skin which causes numbing and tingling to those who touch it

scientific name

ifrita kowaldi

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Fun facts

It’s more common for the Picado's Jumping Pit Viper to jump on top of their prey more than any other viper species

It’s Spanish name refers to a “Eye of Round” beef cut

There are six known species of pit vipers

Physical Appearance

They have thick bodies with a large head

It has small eyes, a rounded snout, and a short tail

They are gray-brown, reddish-brown or black in color with brown blotches on them.

They grow up to around 90 centimeters

Trophic Level

Secondary consumers

Carnivores

Predators

Their main predators are large mammals and birds

Competitors

Other species of snakes

Many types of birds

Native Habitat

Jumping pit vipers are found in the mountains of eastern Mexico, the lowlands of Central America, and Panama

Diet

Adult Jumping Pit Vipers tend to eat small mammals and lizards

Younger Jumping Pit Vipers eat orthopterans and skinks

Special Adaptations

These Pit Vipers have very strong venom

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Giant Golden Mole (#15) Chrysospalax trevelyani

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Giant Golden Mole (#15) Chrysospalax trevelyani

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Fun Facts
• Is the largest of the golden mole species
• Is deaf and blind, with their eyelids fused together at a young age

Physical Appearance
• Cylindrical body
• No external tail or ears
• Eyes are covered with skin and fur
• Short front legs with strong claws
• About 20cm long
• Can weigh up to 539 grams
• Fur color can range from black to pale yellow, but shines coppery gold
• Noses are pink with a leather pad

Trophic Level
• Secondary consumer

Predators
• Domestic dogs
• Potential predators are nocturnal owls, snakes, and mammalian carnivores

Competitors
• They remain underground in burrows during the day and don’t interact with very many animals, but they are predators of earthworms and invertebrates

Native Habitat
• Live in large patches of coastal forests
• Areas must have soft soil and well developed undergrowth
• Prefer loamy or sandy soils
• They stay underground and in burrows during the day
• Live in temperate areas
• Mostly only live in South Africa

Diet
• Insectivore
• Eat earthworms, millipedes, and termites
• Sometimes crickets, grasshoppers and snails

Special Adaptations
• Nose has a leather pad to protect their nostrils while digging
• Back feet are webbed to help dig
• Have very sensitive snouts
• Have long claws to help dig

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Fun facts:
Only been found in Sierra Nevada de Santa.
Able to climb a vertical wooden surface
Made no sounds

Physical appearance:
Fur is woolly, soft, and long
Ears are small and light brown
Lack hair on the outer surface
A tuft of a long black hair between the eye and the ear
Main color is red
Between 51 and 122 cm

Trophic level:
Primary consumer

Predators:
Feral cats

Competitors
Increase of people

Native habitat
Found in Colombia and has only been found in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta around 700 to 2000 m

Diet
Little known on about the diet but is said to feed on plants, such as fruits, nuts, and seeds.

Adaptations:
Can climb a vertical wooden surface
Makes no sounds

Scientific name: Santamartamys

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neotamias rufus

Fun Facts
- Female Hopi’s tend to be larger than the males
- They’re group name is the scurry
- They’re population status is a very small concern meaning they aren’t near extinction at all

APPEARANCE:
These chipmunks are smaller than your typical sized chipmunk. They have this orange-red buff fur with two stripes on the face, and their three grayish white straps on their back is hard to miss. They are 21 cm in length and weigh about 50 to 60 grams, and their tail can be as long as 9 cm.

TROPHIC LEVEL:
- Primary Consumer
~Seeds, flowers, insects

PREDATORS:
- Snakes
- Weasels
- Foxes
- Bobcats
- Raccoons

NATIVE HABITAT:
- You can usually catch a Hopi Chipmunk nesting in rock crevices or piles of broken rocks, but some are found running around in forests.

DIET:
- Herbivorous animals
- Seeds of Indian ricegrass
- Seeds of junipers
- Seeds of piñon

SPECIAL ADAPTATIONS:
Hopi Chipmunks prefer rocky environments or places with plants that have both juniper and pinyon pine, or patches of sage.

Resources:
http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Tamias_rufus/
https://www.wildlifenorthamerica.com/Mammal/Hopi-Chipmunk/Tamias/rufus.html
http://animalia.bio/hopi-chipmunk

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Giant Golden Mole (#15) Chrysospalax trevelyani

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Giant Golden Mole (#15) Chrysospalax trevelyani

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Fun Facts
• Is the largest of the golden mole species
• Is deaf and blind, with their eyelids fused together at a young age

Physical Appearance
• Cylindrical body
• No external tail or ears
• Eyes are covered with skin and fur
• Short front legs with strong claws
• About 20cm long
• Can weigh up to 539 grams
• Fur color can range from black to pale yellow, but shines coppery gold
• Noses are pink with a leather pad

Trophic Level
• Secondary consumer

Predators
• Domestic dogs
• Potential predators are nocturnal owls, snakes, and mammalian carnivores

Competitors
• They remain underground in burrows during the day and don’t interact with very many animals, but they are predators of earthworms and invertebrates

Native Habitat
• Live in large patches of coastal forests
• Areas must have soft soil and well developed undergrowth
• Prefer loamy or sandy soils
• They stay underground and in burrows during the day
• Live in temperate areas
• Mostly only live in South Africa

Diet
• Insectivore
• Eat earthworms, millipedes, and termites
• Sometimes crickets, grasshoppers and snails

Special Adaptations
• Nose has a leather pad to protect their nostrils while digging
• Back feet are webbed to help dig
• Have very sensitive snouts
• Have long claws to help dig

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1. Fun fats - Very little is know about the bat cat species, bay cats are arboreal and agile climbers

2. An average bay cat is about t5-10 pounds which is about the size of an avenger house cat. They are usually a reddish color but some of them are gray. They have black specks on their fur and they have darker colored ears. They have a long tail that is black with white on it.

3. The bay cat is a secondary consumer

4. The only threat we know of to the bay cat. Is us humans destroying its habitats

5.  the competitors of the bay cat are unknown

6. Bay cats live in rocky limestone on the edge of the dense jungle. Some may be found in the forest and along rivers

7. The diet of the bay cat is unknown but we know most cats eat things like small rodents and birds

8. It has a long tail to help with balance so it can climb trees easier to help get around because it lives in the dense jungle

9. Genus: Felinae Species: Badia

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1) Maras are capable of moving around by various ways: they can gallop, walk, hop like rabbits. They are known to bounce on all of their 4 legs, making a movement called 'stotting'.

2) Their front legs are shorter than the hind legs. It resembles a large bunny with deer  and rodent like features. It’s stance is like a kangaroo’s and is about the size of a beaver. They measure between 69 and 75cm  in length. Their weight varies between 8 and 16 kg.

3) The Mara is a secondary consumer consuming only plants being a herbivore.

4) Some of its predators consist of puma, foxes and birds of prey.

5) Some natural competitors are other herbivores like rodents and birds.

6) Maras inhabit the pampas in Argentina. Their main habitat is the pampas an area of grasslands. They prefer an area with low shrubs. They also inhabit grassland, brush land and arid areas.

7) Maras are herbivorous, consuming grasses. They also frequently consume cactuses, as well as some seeds, fruits and flowers. Maras also ingest their own dung to maximize nutrient absorption.

8) Lara’s have developed leg strength and length to keep themselves safe from predators. With deer and antelope features when running.

9) The scientific name of the Mara is Dolichotis patagonum

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(Canis lupus familiaris)

Fun Facts
-A life span of 10-15 years
-This Belgian breed may be small but they do make very good watch dogs
-They can become aggressive if threatened by either a stranger or another dog and are fearless, regardless of the size discrepancy

Physical Appearance
-Colors: Black, Blue, Brown, Red, Belge, Black&Tan
-7 to 8 inches tall
-They are small, but do not underestimate them
-Average weight is 8-10 lbs
-Brachycephalic (squashed face)
-Hard coat

Trophic Level
-Terrier-type dog
-Tertiary consumer
-Omnivore

Predators
-No common predators

Competitors
-Other dogs or a stranger

Native Habitat
-Native to Belgium
-They originated in Belgium where their hunting skills were used to keep stables free of rats and mice

Diet
-No grains for example corn, barley, and oats as they can be allergic
-Grain free food with proper nutrients
-Therefore they can eat anything from the mice they hunt to dog food

Special Adaptions
-They adapted to survive in their habitat by hunting out the rats and mouse
-They also have grown as a species to become good companion dogs so most likely inside dogs

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Avalon Spence
Fun Facts:
*Fire Salamanders supposedly have a vanilla scent.
*Fire salamanders have a long lifespan; some can live up to 50 years.
*Many people actually decide to keep them as household pets.

Physical Appearance:
*sticky body with a black base color and a pattern of yellow spots or stripes
*0.67 oz
*8-12 inches
*no fur
*no scales

Trophic Level:
*secondary consumer

Predators:
*shrews
*opossums
*birds
*larger amphibians

Competitors:
*doesn't state that there are any

Native Habitat:
*live in central Europe forests and are more common in hilly areas
*they prefer deciduous forests since they like to hide in fallen leaves and around mossy tree trunks
*they need small brooks or ponds with clean water in their habitat for the development of the larvae

Diet:
*various insects
*spiders
*earthworms
*slugs
*newts
*young frogs

Special Adaptions:
*during the daytime, fire salamanders will remain hidden in crevices and logs in order to avoid any predators
*they may also come out of hiding around dusk or during a rainy day

Fire Salamander

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Fun Facts

Nickname- Flying Fox

A lifespan of 8 to 10 years in the wild; 22 years if in captivity.

Nocturnal

At 9 months old, they can mate

Physical Appearance

Length of 6 inches

Wingspan- 2 feet

Weigh less than half a pound

Light-brown bodies

Dark brown wings

A long muzzle

Males have a scrotal sack that sets them apart from females

Trophic Level

Primary Consumers

Herbivores

Predators

Hawks

Owls

Falcons

ectoparasites

Competitors

Most Egyptian fruit bats rarely fight; however, they do fight against different fruit bat species and bat species in general.

Native Habitat

tropical to arid areas-Caves/Dark places

Diet

Egyptian Fruit Bats eat soft fruits:

1.  Fruit juice

2.  Nectar

3.  Soft fruits

Special Adaptations

High-level echolocation

Rousettus aeugypticus

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(Kiwa hirsuita)
Fun Facts:
- yeti crabs farm for its own food - on its arms
-it’s official name comes from mythology. The Polynesian goddess of shellfish was named Kiwa
-yeti crabs were first discovered by a group of scientists in 2015
Physical Appearance:
- size:15cm (6 in)
-weight (2-5 lbs)
-color (pale white, grey and yellow)
Tropic Level:
-Autotroph
Predators:
-octopus
-fish
Competitors:
The crabs have to compete for the best farming spots
Diet:
-seep bacteria
Special Adaptations:
-spikes on legs that allows it to climb steep surfaces
-setae(allows it to grow its own bacteria)
Scientific Name: Kiwa Hirsuta

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The jaguarundi is a wild cat native to the Americas. Its range extends from central Argentina in the south to the US–Mexico border in the north, through Central and South America east of the Andes. The jaguarundi is a medium-sized cat of slender build. Its coloration is uniform with two color morphs, gray and red.
fun facts
-Adults can weigh as little as 6 pounds or as much as 20
-Jaguarundis are the most adaptable in its ability to occupy diverse environments.
-After a gestation of approximately 70-75 days, females produce a litter of 1-4 kittens.
-In captivity, Jaguarundis have lived up to 15 years.
-Sometimes referred to as the ‘otter-cat’, the Jaguarundi is closely related to the puma.
-Jaguarundis are very vocal cats, with at least 13 distinct calls, ranging from a chirp, purr, whistle or even a scream.
-Today, it is not recommended to keep these or any other wild animal, as pets. Jaguarundis are one of the only felines to not have contrasting colors on the backs of their ears.
appearance
-around 15 pounds (adult)
- length: 2.3 ft
- enlarged house cat
-long body, long tail
-small ears
- fur, brownish
-no scales or aquatic features
trophic level
Trophic level: Omnivorous
predators
Jaguarundis are predators of many small mammal species as well as reptiles, birds, frogs, and fish. Jaguarundis also compete for resources with other carnivores including margays, ocelots, coyotes, foxes, bobcats, and mountain lions.
competitions/inter social interactions
-A more widespread local threat to jaguarundis from local communities may be due to their tendency to prey upon poultry.
-More recent findings in the same region (Lacandona) suggested that jaguarundis were more frequently involved in livestock-related conflict than jaguars, pumas, ocelots, and margays (Garcia-Alaniz et al. 2010), possibly reflecting a higher tolerance to human development.
-That jaguarundis have frequently been reported from agricultural areas and small forest fragments suggests a possible adaptation to human- modified landscapes, particularly in the absence of predators or competitors, or at least, lower densities of these species.
“home turf”
Jaguarundi inhabit a range of habitats, from near-desert thorn scrub to savanna and dry woodland to primary and secondary rainforest. However, in all of these habitats, the Jaguarundi prefers dense cover, making them somewhat uncommon in grasslands lacking dense scrub stands
threats
The biggest threats facing jaguarundi are habitat destruction and fragmentation, both of which prevent the jaguarundi from reaching healthy breeding populations and finding vital resources of food and water. Along with habitat destruction, further border wall construction. Jaguarundis require dense vegetation to hunt their prey, which includes everything from birds to rodents to lizards, all of which can be found in the borderlands of the southern U.S. and northern Mexico.
diet
Jaguarundis are carnivores and hunt a variety of small mammals, reptiles, birds, frogs, and fish. Besides animal matter, jaguarundis stomach contents often contain a small amount of plant material and arthropods. Birds are often the prey of choice and the jaguarundi diet usually includes junglefowl.

special adaptations
The solid coat may be an adaptation to hunting on the ground during the day - as opposed to the spotted cats' habits of hunting in the trees – therefore not needing camouflage.

scientific name
Puma yagouaroundi

The Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) has an unusual appearance for a cat species and is sometimes known as the Weasel or Otter-cat due to the shape of its flat head.

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Vulpes vulpes

Fun Facts

Their tail is half the length of their body

Their fore paws have an extra toe

Largest foxes in the world

Physical Appearance

Male foxes are slightly larger than female foxes

Not all red foxes are actually red

On average they’re 36-42 inches long and 10-15 pounds

Throat, chin, and bellies are a grayish white

Fluffy, long white tipped tale and black tipped ears

Long, skinny snout with whiskers

Trophic Level

Red foxes are omnivores

They eat both plants and meat

Known as a secondary consumer

Predators

Young red foxes are preyed upon animals like eagles and coyotes

Adult/bigger red foxes can be preyed upon by bigger animals like bears, wolves, and mountain lions

Humans are the biggest threat to red foxes

Humans hunt adult foxes for their fur or because they are considered pests

Competitors

As territory competition, red foxes will take burrows made by rabbits, badgers, and other animals to save themselves the trouble

Arctic foxes create high competition for food with the red fox

Arctic and red foxes fight over smaller mammals which take up around 78% of their diet

Native Habitat

Native to boreal and western montane parts of North America

Historically absent from most of the East Coast until the mid 1800s

Can adapt to many locations like forests, grasslands, mountains, and deserts

As well as human environments like farms, suburban areas, and large communities

Diet

Plants like fruits, berries, and grasses

Small mammals such as birds, squirrels, rabbits, and mice

Large portion of diet involves insects like crickets, beetles, and grasshoppers

Special Adaptations

Small, slender bodies gives speed and agility

Small stomachs and longer legs helps them go up to 30 mph

Vertical pupils gives great vision

Large, upright ears for excellent hearing

Sharp claws to help dig burrows to stash food underground

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(#4)

Presbytis rubicunda

Fun Facts
—  Reddish color hair/ fur
— face is kinda blue
— also called Red leaf monkeys

Physical Appearance
— Blue/ Grey face
— red fur
— length is 40.5 cm to 56 cm
— weight is about 5.8 KG

Predators
— leopards
—Orangutans
— gibbons
— long tailed macaques

Competitors
— Orangoutangs

Habitat
—Forest
— Jungles
—Trees

Diet
— fruits
— seeds
— young leaves
— flowers

Special Adaptations
— Large stomach to help them digest food better
— Tail can help hold on to trees and branches when climbing

Scientific Name
— Maroon Lungar

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Dasyprocta leporina

Fun Facts

Are the only mammal species in their native habitat that are known to be able to open a Brazil nut husk

Make large contributions to the forestation of their native habitat

Physical Appearance

Coarse, glossy fur that is usually greenish-brown

Orange to red rumps

Orange to brown undersides, a white stripe runs down the center

Four toes on front feet ; three toes on back feet

Weigh between 6 and 13 pounds

Grow to between 19 and 25 inches long

Trophic Level

Primary consumer (plant materials)

Predators

Jaguars, ocelots, snakes, and raptors

Competitors

Other red-rumped agouti

Native Habitat

rainforests in northern South America

in Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, and Trinidad and Tobago

Diet

Brazil nuts + others

fruits, seeds, leaves, shoots

Special Adaptations

long legs and hoof-like claws that help them avoid predators

Fast runners and good swimmers

Sharp hearing and keen sense of smell to sense predator

Able to hear fruit and nuts hitting the ground

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Fun Facts:

·      World’s largest monkey with an iconic blue or red face and a bright rump.

·      The slogan for the Mandrill is “Distinctively colored noses and rumps!”

·      The long canines of the sphinx monkey serve as self-defense.

·      They can reach 25 to 32 inches in length.

·      Males are often twice the size of females.

·      The colors of the Mandrill become brighter when the animal is excited.

·      Mandrills have built in pouches in their cheeks used to store snacks for later consumption.

·      Rafiki from The Lion King is a Mandrill

Physical Appearance

·      Mandrills are very large monkeys with short tails.

·      They can be identified by the blue and red skin on their faces and brightly colored rums.

·      Mandrills has fur that varies between olive green, black, or grey.

·      The fur on the belly is white.

·      Averaging 3 feet in length and 77 pounds in weight.

·      Males are often twice as large the size of a female.

·      Mandrills are terrestrial monkeys, so they move with all four limbs on the ground with long arms that search for prey.

·      Mandrills bare long canine teeth.

Trophic Level

·      Mandrills are omnivores

·      Mandrills can either be a primary consumer, or a secondary consumer.

·      Mandrills usually eat fruit, seeds, fungi, roots, insects, frogs, lizards, and more.

·      Usually, the males will search for food while the females and young sit in trees.

Predators

·      The predators of Mandrills include leopards, eagles, and snakes.

Competitors

·      Leopards and snakes.

Native Habitats

•      The mandrill’s home habitat is the rainforests of Africa.

•      Mandrills will have their families up on the trees and can strike back against predators with the height advantage.

•      Mandrills also use thick bushes as a shelter.

Diet

·      Mandrills usually eat fruit, seeds, fungi, roots, insects, frogs, lizards, and more.

Special Adaptations

·      Male mandrills have adapted large canines as self-defense.

·      Male mandrills have adapted yellow bears, bright snouts, a bright colored rump to show the individual’s virility.

·      Mandrills have strong clavicles to allow mandrills to climb trees, walk quadrupedally, and the functions of arms which include opposable thumbs.

Scientific Name/Genus

·      SN: Mandrillus sphinx

·      Genus: Drills

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Red Hartebeest

Fun Facts:
• Is considered the most colorful hartebeest from the other nine subspecies.
• They have an excellent sense of hearing and smell

Physical Appearance:
• Average Weight: 150 kg (male) 120 kg (female)
• Average Height: 135 cm and normal horn length are 60 cm
• Coloring: has black markings complementing the white abdomen and behind. Has curving horns that are joined at the base.

Tropic Level:
• herbivore, Primary Consumers

Predators:
• lions
• Spotted Hyenas
• Leopards
• Cheetahs
• Humans (hunting sport)

Competitors:
• Humans

Native Habitat:
• the native habitat is in southwestern Africa
• Lives in open plains and scrublands in the Sub-Saharan Africa climate

Diet:
• grass feeders
• Is less water-dependent
• Tubers

Special Adaptations:
• Have a top speed of 55km/h
• Have an evasion tactic by running in a a zig zag pattern to confuse their predators and difficult for them to catch them.

Scientific Name:
Alcelaphus buselaphus caama

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galidia elegans

Fun Facts

Before eating toads or caterpillars, they will roll them back & forth on the ground to wipe off skin poisons or irritating hairs

They’ve been introduced by humanity to mainlands & islands over much of the world, in attempts to keep down problem populations of rats & snakes

Physical Appearance

Long slender body

Dark red fur

Long dark red bushy tail with black rings

Short thin legs

Black webbed feet & short claws

Triangular head (round head, pointed snout)

Small round ears

Average weight: 25-32 oz

Average length: 32-38 cm

Trophic Level

Both primary and secondary consumers

Predators

Fossa & Crocodiles

Small mammals & birds

Dogs

Habitat reduction & humans (hunting)

Competitors

Small Indian civets, feral dogs, and cats

Humans (hunting)

Native Habitat

Madagascar - island off the southeast coast of Africa

Humid forests

Subtropical to tropical dry forest

Diet

Carnivore: primary diet is terrestrial vertebrates

Small mammals, reptiles, fish, birds, eggs

Occasionally insects and fruit

Special Adaptations

Agile-able to move quickly & easily to escape predators

Skilled climbers

Webbed feet allows them to easily run through forests & to swim

Shelter in burrows during the night

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Researchers named the new species Masrasector nananubis, after the ancient Egyptian god Anubis, who had the head of a jackal and was associated with mummification and the underworld. Like its namesake, M. nananubis had a long and narrow skull and lots of large teeth

Large teeth

Long neck

Narrow, oval shaped skull

Skunk sized to literally rhino size

Short Tail

Tertiary consumer, top of its food chain

No predators, top of food chain

Didnt have many competitors that I could find

Its habitat consisted of swamp, marshy environments like the Florida Everglades

It ate mostly meat, depending on its size which particular creature, however they could eat primates if big enough. If they were not they usually ate smaller mammals, and mixed in some vegetation.

Long snout to reach through vegetation and small holes to reach prey

Scientific name is its “common” name

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Colocolo  Opossum/ Dromiciops gliroides 

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Colocolo  Opossum/ Dromiciops gliroides 

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Fun facts:
• Also called Monito del monte- (Spanish for "little monkey of the mount")
• diminutive marsupial native only to southwestern South America (Argentina and Chile).T

Physical Appearance: They have short and dense fur that is primarily brown-gray with patches of white at their shoulders and back, and their underside is more of a cream or light gray color. Their small furred ears are well-rounded and their rostrums are short. The head to body length is around 8–13 cm (3.1–5.1 in), and their tail length is between 9 and 13 cm (3.5 and 5.1 in).

Trophic Level: primary consumer

Predators: long tailed snake

Competitors: urbanization

Native Habitat: live in the dense forests of highland Argentina and Chile, mainly in trees, where they construct spherical nests of water-resistant colihue leaves. These leaves are then lined with moss or grass, and placed in well-protected areas of the tree, such as underbrush, tree cavities, or fallen timber. The nests are sometimes covered with grey moss as a form of camouflage. These nests provide the monito del monte with some protection from cold, both when it is active and when it hibernates.

Diet: Primarly Insectivores. They eat insects and other invertebrates they find on the branches of trees and cracks in bark, but during the summer they eat large quantities of fruit, especially mistletoe fruit.

Special Adaptations:The numbers of Monito del monte have declined over recent years, due to loss of habitat, which was already limited. The species continues to be under threat from urbanization, in terms of the building of highways, hydroelectric complexes and tourism developments.

Scientific name + picture: Dromiciops Gliroides

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Amami Rabbit (#11)

Pentalagus furnessi

Fun Facts

Japan gave the Amami Rabbit legal protection from hunters in 1921

Amami rabbits communicate with each other using clicking sounds and calling noises

Physical Appearance

Length: 16.5in (42cm) - 20in (51cm)

Weight: 4.4lb (2kg) - 6.6lb (3kg)

The Amami rabbit is a bulky rabbit with dark brown fur. They have short legs and long claws, which are used for digging. Their facial features include small eyes, short ears, and a pointed nose.

Habitat

The only place where the Amami rabbit is not extinct is on Amami island and Tokuno island, which are on the southwestern coast of Japan.

Trophic Level

The Amami rabbit is an obvious primary consumer, as its diet consists only of plants.

Diet

Pampas grass

Sweet potato stems

bamboo shoots

nuts

berries

leaves

acorns

bark

Predators

Dogs

Snakes

Cats

Mongooses

Interactions/Competition

The Amami rabbit doesn’t have much competition when it comes to food, as it has a wide range of plants to eat. Something that has been very detrimental to the species has been its predators. Dogs and cats owned by people attack the Amami rabbit. Cats are especially detrimental as they are able to climb. The biggest predator of the Amami rabbit, however, is the mongoose. Mongooses were brought in to kill snakes on the islands, but have been very detrimental to the Amami rabbit populations.

Native Habitat

The islands that the Amami rabbit live on are primarily covered in forestation. The Amami rabbit definitely has a home field advantage because of the underground tunnels they created, which they use to get around the island.

Adaptations

-Claws for digging tunnels

-Thick fur for camouflage and keeping warm

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Macroderma Gigas

FUN FACTS
- There called Ghost bats because there wings are so thin that they look like a ghost
- There population has been decreasing
- Largest carnivorous bats in Australia
Physical Appearance
- Head and body length is 10 to 13cm
-Females are smaller than males
- Light grey/all mostly white, large long ears
Trophic Level
- Carnivorous
Predators
- Large owls
- Snakes
- Insects
- Small mammals
Competitors
- they don’t have any competitors
Native Habitat
- In arid regions
- Caves, old mine tunnels and deep cracks in rocks
- Most are found at Mount Etna caves
-Distributed across the northern half of Australia
- Found in variety tropical habitats
Diet
- Eats large insects
-Reptiles and Frogs
-Birds
- Eat large amounts of food in bones, teeth, fur, small feathers
-They need all of this in their diet because if they are fed with boneless meat, they become distressed
Special Adaptations
- Ears make up half of the sizes of there faces
-Flys pretty fast

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Draco Volans

Fun Facts
-They can glide up to 190 feet in the air
-The only time they land on the ground is to lay eggs
Physical Appearance
-8 inches long on average
-they have colorful patterns on their wings
-they have a large set of “wings” on the sides of their body
-males have a long, pointed, yellow dewlap while females have a smaller gray one
-they have elongated ribs with their body
-average weight of 20.78g(0.07 oz)
Tropic Level
-Secondary consumers
-eats insects
Predators
-they don’t come to the ground much if not at all so manly tree living animals
-snakes, large birds, and monitor lizards
Competitors
-they don’t have any besides other tree living animals
Native Habitat
-they live in tropical rainforests
-31 species that are found in south and Southeast Asia(Philippines, Borneo, India, Malaysia, Indonesia...)
-live in trees their whole life
-like moist temperatures
Diet
-termites, ant ants (main) found in trees
-in captivity, crickets, mealworms, and flies
Special Adaptations
-have extended ribs combined with unfolded skin to create wings used for gliding in the air
-slender tail used for steering while gliding
-can flatten their back legs for a smoother flight
-they have bland colors for camouflage with the bark of a tree

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Fun Facts
- They have the biggest eyes relative to body size of any mammal
- Trasiers hunt their prey by jumping from branch to branch
- They can leap up to 16.4 ft.
- Can rotate its head 180 degrees
Physical Appearance
- Small, round body covered in soft, velvety fur
- Large ears
- 25 cm long tail
- Are about the size of a small child’s hand
Trophic Level
Herbivorous
Predators
- civet
- arboreal snakes
- monitor lizards
- raptors (including owls)
Competitors
-
Native Habitat
- Rainforests
- Philippines
- Samar, Leyte, Bohol, and Mindanao
Diet
- insects (crickets and grasshoppers)
- spiders
- small crustaceans
- small vertebrates (lizards and birds)
Special Adaptations
- can rotate their heads 180 degrees
- skilled jumpers
- long flattened nails
- large eyes and hands, padded fingertips
Scientific Name: Carlito syrichta

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Little red flying fox

Fun facts- they become independent at 3-6 months
-they hang in tress
-well developed smell and vision senses
-smallest of its genus
-High pitched scream for for vocals

Physical appearance- leather wings
-small face tiny nose
-weight 300-600 g
-240-260 MM
-little rede furs

Trophic level-herbivorous, so primary

Predators-pythons,crocodiles,goannnas,owls,and sea eagles

Competitiors-  couldn’t find any

Native habitat-woodland,forests,paperback swamps,mangroves.

Diet-  -nectar
-pollen
-eucalyptic blossoms
Special adaptations- flying with leather wings, good climbers from clawed feed which help with the gripping with trees on their feet. Color of fur and webbed thumbs.

Scientific name- Pteropus scapulatus

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rana diablo

Fun Facts:

extinct for 70 million years

largest frog that ever lived

first fossils found in Madagascar in 2008

very powerful bite

scientific name Beelzebufo, with Latin and Greek components, translates to “Devil Toad”

Physical Appearance:

big, round, green and brown

large mouth and powerful jaws

sharp spikes and semi-hard shell

average weight: 10 pounds

average length: 16 inches

Trophic Level:

secondary or tertiary consumer

Predators:

unknown

Competitors:

unknown

Native Habitat:

Late Cretaceous Madagascar

warm, seasonally dry habitats

small pools of water

Diet:

lizards

small vertebrates

baby/hatchling dinosaurs

Special Adaptations:

sharp spikes and semi-hard shell along head and back, to protect itself from large predators (dinosaurs)

Scientific Name - Beelzebufo ampinga

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Fun Facts:
- Chimpanzees will eat almost anything.
- Chimpanzees have a flat face and large eyes.

Physical Appearance:
- Long arms and short legs.
- Males tend to be larger than females.
- Male Weight: 88-130 lbs.
- Female Weight: 71-100 lbs.
- Height: 4 ft.
- Long brown/black hair.

Trophic Level:
- Secondary consumer.

Predators:
- Leopards.
- Large eagles.

Competitors:
- Humans.
- Bonobos.

Native Habitat:
- Forest and savannah of tropical Africa.

Diet:
- Seeds, fruit, and leaves.
- Also hunt smaller animals for meat.

Special Adaptations:
- Long arms.
- Big toes.
- Live in troops.
- Sleep in nests.

Scientific Name:
- Pan troglodytes.

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1) Fun Facts:

-A group of black and red bush squirrels is called a “dray” or a “scurry”.
-The babies are called a “pup”, a “kit” or a “kitten”.

2) Physical Appearance:

-The black and red bush squirrel has red fur on its sides, and black fur on its back.
-Small head, body looks like a half-circle around the back and stomach area.
-Long tail, shortish legs, small ears and eyes.
-They are usually about 9.6 inches long and about 1.5 pounds.
-The males and the females look very similar.

3) Trophic Level:

These squirrels are usually a primary consumer, but they can also be secondary consumers.

4) Predators:

The black and red bush squirrel has many predators mainly including raccoons, foxes, bobcats, coyotes, weasels, hawks, owls, and sometimes snakes.

5) Competitors:

They compete with small birds and other small mammals. The squirrels don’t normally interact with other animals, and they are classified as an independent species.

6) Native Habitat:

They live in the countries African countries Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia. Their habitats are usually forests, grasslands, subtropical/tropical dry grasslands, and subtropical/tropical moist montane.

7) Diet:

The Paraxerus Lucifer’s diet consists of fruit, nuts, seeds, termites, and ants.

8) Special Adaptations:

-It has its fur color to blend in and camouflage from predators.
-Has short legs and a long tail to climb things.

9) Scientific Name:

Paraxerus, lucifer

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1. Solenodons have very flexible snouts
- They’re venemous
- They’re nocturnal
- They depend on senses other than sight
2. appearance
- Look like larger rats/mice
- Long, flexible snout
- Scaly tails can grow up to 10 inches
- Large ears
3. Primary and secondary
- Primary - fruits, vegetables, and roots
- Secondary - insects, worms, and other invertebrates
4. Predators
- Snakes, birds
5. Competitors
- No known competitors
6. Habitat
- Only found in Cuba and Hispaniola
- Dry forests, and pine forests
7. diet
- fruits, vegetables, roots, worms, flies, other invertebrates
8.  Adaptations
- secrets venemous saliva, very good sense of smell and hearing
9. Solenodon paradoxus

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(Águila Harpía)
Fun Facts
-largest eagle in the America’s
-range from Mexico to North Argentina
Physical Appearance
-female’s are larger than males
-average weight: 8.8-20lbs
-average height: 2ft 10in-3ft 6in
-feathers create a crown-like visual on its head
-owl-like face structure
-white torso/grey body
Trophic Level
-tertiary consumer
Predators
-humans hunting for sport
Competitors
-jaguars/anacondas
Native Habitats
-large uninterrupted forest
-spends most of its time in forest canopy
-rainforests of Central and South America
-rarely flies above canopy
Diet
-tree dwelling animals
-sloths
-monkeys
-opossums
-macaws
-iguanas
-females tend to target larger prey, and males smaller
Special Adaptions
-magnificent vision
-able to see something smaller than an inch from almost 220 yards
away
-flies up to speeds of 50mph
-can quickly dart through trees to catch its prey

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Varecia Rubra

Fun Facts
-Love fruit especially figs
-Six bottom teeth known as a tooth comb
-Their species is one of the biggest living on Madagascar

Physical Appearance
-Coat is red
-Fur on stomach, tail, forehead is black
-Pretty small
-Average weight: 3.3-3.6kg
-Average length: 100-120cm

Trophic Level
-Primary consumers (seeds, nuts, berries)

Predators
-Fossas raptors, boa contractors, hawks, and humans
-Fossa, a type of cat, is their biggest predator
-To distract some predators they chase birds to protect their young

Competitors
-No competition
-Social hierarchy

Native Habitat
-Madagascar
-Northern Eastern part of Madagascar 
-Forests
-Many different temperature ecosystems (dry forests, rain forests, wetlands, mountains)
-Territory size based on group size

Diet
-Fruit (most consumed food)
-Leaves, seeds, nuts, bananas, fig and nectar
-Vegetarian

Special Adaptations
-Teeth: help them optimize their meals
-Thick coats: keeps them warm during rainy seasons in Winter
-Scent: scent glands to help one group to identify the other 
-Tails: They swing tails as a warning when they feel threatened

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FUN FACTS: 
- largest species of deer around the world. 
-has the most extensive range among all species of of its family. 

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
- a heavy build with very small heads and legs. 
- redish brown fur on their backs ,white under their tail 
- they typically weigh 24-84 kg
(53-103) lbs, however males can get as large as 143 lbs. 
-  Shoulder height is between 70-72 cm and body lengths 70-130 cm. 
-males tend to have spikes and be larger to protect themselves from predators. 

TROPHIC LEVEL: 
herbivore; secondary consumer

PREDATORS: 
-pumas 
-jaguars
-humans 

COMPETITORS: 
- humans
-wolves 

NATIVE HABITAT: 
-red brockets live along marshes, swamps, and streams. 
- habitat consists of thick tropical forests and occur in both arid and moist habitats. 

DIET:
- fruits and leaves 
-when food is hard to find they usually eat fungi. 

SPECIAL ADAPTATIONS: 
- predator avoidance technique; when they hear any sudden movements they are able to stand completely still 
- redish brown fur can be used as camouflage with the forest vegetation. 
-they know how to swim really fast. 

SCIENTIFIC NAME: 
-mazma, americana

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meles meles

Fun Facts
• play a part in European folklore and are featured in modern literature
• have very few natural born enemies, very sociable

Physical Appearance
• Powerfully built body
• Short tail and short, muscular limbs
• Nimble, sharp claws
• Triangular head
• Dark stripes with one white stripe down the middle of the body
• Average weight: 10-12kg
• Average length: 56-90 cm

Trophic Level
• Both primary and tertiary consumers
• Primary (berries/nuts)
• Secondary (invertebrates/small mammals/amphibians)

Predators
• Wolves, dogs, and lynxes
• Sometimes live side-by-side with other predators such as foxes without conflict
• Humans - hunt for sport/kill for being pests

Competitors
• competition between tribe/group
• Social hierarchy

Native Habitat
• Europe and Western Asia
• Prefer deciduous and mixed woodlands, clearings, spinneys, and pasturelands
• Also enjoy suburbs and urban parks
• Wide variety of temperate ecosystems (desert/hot, temperate, and cool)
• Territory size ranges - based on group sizes and resources

Diet
• Highly adaptable and opportunistic omnivores
• Earthworms: most important food source
• Insects, carrion, cereals, fruit, small mammals, medium-large birds, amphibians, small reptiles
• Mountainous or hilly districts - rabbits main food source

Special Adaptations
• Building setts (tunnels): adapted large, broad forepaws with long thick claws
• Camouflage: black & white stripes: recreate the look of trees and branches in the dark
• Senses: very acute sense of smell, help sniffing for danger when hunting
• Nutrition: bulbous canines & sharp incisors to chew small mammals; Eat berries & earthworms w/ their flat front teeth; If food shortage, isolate themselves from others