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1) awareness/consciousness of the structural and cultural biases that inform our systems and personal cultural views.
2) authentic learning of/relationship building with communities, parents, and students.
3) the adaptation of practice to build on assets and match needs based on the foundation of the prior two competencies.

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Victor Rios: Help for kids the education system ignores

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Define students by what they contribute, not what they lack -- especially those with difficult upbringings, says educator Victor Rios. Interweaved with his personal tale of perseverance as an inner-city youth, Rios identifies three straightforward strategies to shift attitudes in education and calls for fellow educators to see "at-risk" students as "at-promise" individuals brimming with resilience, character and grit.

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Our lives, our cultures, are composed of many overlapping stories. Novelist Chimamanda Adichie tells the story of how she found her authentic cultural voice -- and warns that if we hear only a single story about another person or country, we risk a critical misunderstanding.

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Introduction to Culturally Relevant Pedagogy

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One example of promoting multicultural education is organizing open discussions. Selecting a contemporary cultural or social topic and hosting an open debate about it will allow students to share their ideas, improve their listening skills, and learn about issues that other cultures experience.

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Some of the social challenges that I have seen in classrooms are that the students divide into groups usually their own race, but also they discriminate by their social economical level.

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We can promote social justice by giving everybody the same opportunity for anything, that includes to express them-self. Also we can make activities to meet other people that are a different race to understand we are different but equal at the same time.

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After looking over the Educator Standards, we found three that stuck out to us in regards to embracing students' differences and teaching diversity.

- Teachers design lessons to meet the needs of diverse learners, adapting methods when appropriate.

- Teachers differentiate instruction, aligning methods and techniques to divers student needs, including acceleration, remediation, and implementation of individual education plans.

- Teachers create a community of learners in an inclusive environment that views differences in learning and background as educational assets.

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One way to promote social injustice in our classroom is emphasizing that the conversation should not end when the class is over. Because discussions on social justice and self-reflection may be difficult, promoting the idea that these discussions should take place outside of the classroom is a great approach to encourage kids to think critically about the subject they're studying.

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The Educator standards do mention the diversity of students and what methods teachers are to perform. For example, teachers' lessons must meet the needs of diverse learners and adapt different methods and techniques when necessary. It also mentions that every student must engage in instructional materials.

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The main page of TEKS does not have any direct reference to teaching diversity or embracing other cultures.

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A multicultural curriculum has difference in it. Meaning it has all kinds of aspects of culture not just one. All cultures must be included unlike now where most cultures are completely left out of textbooks and history in some cases. It cannot look like one race is expressed more than another, it has to be equal for all cultural representation in every curriculum.

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Social justice is an important topic that can be advocated for in various ways. Within the classroom, we can instill morality and educate students about the different issues that require attention around the world. Whether it be for movements such as Black Lives Matter or in terms of Abortion laws. It is important to ensure that they learn about what is happening and yearn to want to make a change. We can create activities to help them gain a better understanding about these issues as well as maybe organizing protests or watching videos. As well, within our personal actions we can gain better understanding by doing our research and becoming educated in issues that we previously were not knowledgeable and didn't understand, while becoming advocates for others.

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In my opinion, a multicultural curriculum is any education or teaching that incorporates and histories, values, or perspectives from different cultural backgrounds. This gives students a better understanding of different cultures that they're around either in school, or in the city. A non-multicultural curriculum can consist of a class just learning over one specific race, which doesn't involve any other race in the teachings.

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In our opinion multicultural curriculum is where you teach students about different peoples races, beliefs, culture but also you prepare them for the outside world and what do they need to know before experiencing different type of social interaction with different ethnicities.

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In my opinion, I think multicultural curriculum is teaching the history, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds. It doesn't focus on just one particular culture.

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After looking through the Educator Ethics, we found that educators should always accept their students with any kind of differences they have either racial, sexual orientation, cultural or beliefs. We all are different but it doesn't mean we should exclude anyone because of it.

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I believe that the true history of the United States should be taught in schools. From experience, there were many historical events that I wasn't made aware of in any of my history classes before I got to TAMIU. This made me realize how much was being held back from us.

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After watching the video what we took away from the overall message was that culture us what makes us human and different from one and other. Culture plays a big role in our opinions, values, and beliefs. Applying the differences of culture into a classroom helps students understand how to be better people in their community, and how to work this one another despite their differences.

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One of Rueda & Stillman's discussions about teacher education is the need to pressure general educations teacher to be more diverse in their teaching methods and get rid of the "one-size-fits-all" lesson plans. Teachers should provide preparation that will tend the EL's ability, special needs, linguistic, and cultural needs of students simultaneously. Rueda& Stillman make a great point as teachers should find ways to alter the curriculum and lesson plans in order to create a diverse classroom, not only for culture, but for diverse lesson plans and activities that can include all types of students.

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The article defines culturally responsive teaching as "using the cultural characteristics, experiences, and perspectives of ethnically diverse students as conduits for teaching them more effectively." One characteristic is educators teaching using the students' cultural and experiential filters. A misconception is too many teachers think that their subjects and cultural diversity are incompatible, or that combining them is too much of a conceptual and substantive stretch for their subjects to maintain disciplinary integrity.

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Within the Educator Code of Ethics, we can discover the standard 2.5, which directly states that "The educator shall not discriminate against or coerce a colleague on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, age, gender, disability, family status, or sexual orientation." Which focuses on the differences between students and allows for acceptance as educators cannot discriminate based on said differences. Students are unique and all have different needs and as educators we need to respect and help in anyway that we can.

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As a teacher is hard to find a fine line of a topic that is controversial. To not offend anyone's views or opinions I would talk about all cultures not just one in my classroom. Providing children with more than just local culture references and giving them a universal education so they can know about worldly heritages.

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In the Educator Ethics, the standard made about accepting and respecting students’ differences included three conditions which states that the educator cannot exclude a student from participation in any program, deny benefits to a student, or grant an advantage based off race, color, gender, disability, national origin, religion, family status, or sexual orientation. This standard helps educators provided a safe environment for each individual in a classroom. Students are to be treated as equals in a classroom.

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Culturally responsive teaching, according to Gay, is defined as leveraging the cultural characteristics, experiences, and viewpoints of ethnically diverse students as conduits for more successful teaching. It is founded on the assumption that academic experience and expertise are more personally relevant, have higher interest appeal, and are learnt more readily and fully when they are situated within students' lived experiences and frames of reference.

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Culturally sensitive instruction necessitates connecting with pupils as individuals. Building relationships involves learning about students' interests, likes, dislikes, family members, and aspirations.

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Culturally responsive teaching is defined as incorporating students cultures in daily instruction. This helps students have a higher chance to academically succeed because they relate their culture to new learning experiences.

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Based on the standards, there's mentions on how educators should accommodate to every student's background and needs. When acknowledging a new student with different culture, one should analyze their background and culture in order to deliver a proper education based on the student's needs.

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The main social challenge I saw in middle school was substance abuse and drug abuse. There was smoking and drug use during lunch time and restrooms. I would hear my classmates say they did it to fit in with the crowd.

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We can promote social justice by giving everyone a chance to participate and speak up about their necessities. Furthermore, by raising awareness on different social topics that require our attention we can broaden the student’s understanding of them.

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The Educator standards mention the diversity of students in a classroom. Teachers accommodate to a students' needs.
-Teachers meet the needs of diverse learners, adapting when appropriate.
-Teachers differentiate instruction methods and techniques to diverse student needs.
-Teachers demonstrate content-specific pedagogy that meets the needs of diverse learners, utilizing engaging instructional materials to connect

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In my opinion, a multicultural curriculum means teaching a lesson using different student cultures. This will allow students to relate and find it easier to understand the lesson. This can be applied to any subject. It does not like delivering a lesson with the teacher's personal culture.

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Some social challenges that we have seen in the classrooms throughout the grades are the gender preferences/ inequality. For example a teacher will typically ask the boy students to help carry or move "heavy" objects.

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As a group we were able to discuss the different social challenges that we have either personally experienced or heard about from a friend. For example, one of the members described how during his time in another university, he saw that many of the other cultures would be grouped with each other, especially in different organizations. There was another example, from another member who experienced the same thing. This reflected in the classroom because this creates a situation where the students are not being exposed to other cultures and different ways of thinking.

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Some ways to prepare for culturally relevant teaching is acquiring detailed factual information about the cultural particularities of specific ethnic groups.  There is a place for cultural diversity in every subject taught in schools

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We agreed upon following the reconstructural theory to promote social justice in the class room. We promote adrssing social questions and try to recreate a better society.

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We agreed upon following the reconstructural theory to promote social justice in the class room. We promote adrssing social questions and try to recreate a better society.

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One of the main social challenges that we saw in our experience was unequal opportunities. There are better schools and better teachers for some richer school districts and not as good schools in the more poor districts.

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When taken to the TEKS page, there was no references that involved teaching of diversity or embracing other cultures. The only information that was acknowledged was the skills throughout the chapters being taught by grade level and the different subjects.

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Social justice is important in every aspect of life. One way to promote this in the classroom would be through the establishment of certain rules. That every action has a consequence. One example would be bullying. It's important to stop it and teach students about social justice and respect. Teaching students this, can result in a healthy environment. Individually, we can promote this through our personal actions to give an example.

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Thinking back to our experiences, a social challenge we have seen manifested in the classrooms is the division between non-English speakers and English speakers. Students who do not know English get separated from the class and excluded from activities that prevent them from learning. This ultimately creates division in the classroom and keeps English language learners from progressing.
It is better to have students learn from each other. This would make language acquisition easier and prevent social differences from occurring.

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In our opinion, a multicultural curriculum is about embracing every culture and not singling out any specific one. We, as future teachers, should ensure to accept every culture and heritage. We must use asset-based teaching and see every diverse background as an asset than a deficit.

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One of the ideas discussed is how attention to special education in teacher education tends to be marginalized. State general teacher standards are vague when it comes to special education, in regards to instructional methods.

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A social challenge I have seen in the classroom is the exclusion of children from participating in class activities due to their religion. When in elementary school I sat through a peer of mine who was not allowed to observe the holidays and was always left out. We went on through the years and no one teacher ever attempted to include him or stop the celebrations he was not allowed to participate in.

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One example of promoting multicultural education is to be able to understand your students. Getting to know your students and get them to know each other by talking about their cultures and beliefs. This will help the teacher and students to know differential backgrounds or reflect them with their own cultural experiences.

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Multicultural curriculum should enforce diversity, and it should not cater to one specific rate or ethnic group. Awareness of different values or cultures should be enforced through curriculum, and it is the job of the teacher to make sure no student is excluded.

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Promoting different cultures in a classroom is one of the biggest impacts students need to see and experience. While yes is it a thin line a teacher must walk on; to promote a healthy relationship introducing different cultures a teacher can put up decorations and/ or books that include diversity.

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According to the educator ethics, (D) Standard 3.4. The educator shall not exclude a student from participation in a program, deny benefits to a student, or grant an advantage to a student on the basis of race, color, gender, disability, national origin, religion, family status, or sexual orientation." Meaning that discriminations of any kind directed to your students should not happen and are in fact outlawed.

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culturally responsive teaching can be a teacher teaching a culture or holiday to their students and relate that same culture or holiday to another to make the students feel more engaged. a misconception is that not many teachers know about the different cultures and how to portray them in their classrooms. as the article "Preparing for Culturally Responsive Teaching" written by Geneva Gay says "Misconceptions like these stem, in part, from the fact that many teachers do not know enough about the contributions that different ethnic groups have made to their subject areas and are unfamiliar with multicultural education" (Gay 2)

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An idea Rueda and Stillman discussed in the article about teacher education states that “the key to understanding cultural influences on learning is to understand an individual’s specific experiences that influence the cultural models that they have developed.” This means as an educator it is important to understand and be perceptive of the people who participate in cultural practices and understand as to how and why cultural practices are developed rather than making assumptions and inferences. We agree with this perspective because along with educators this allows students to be informed and learn from peoples’ experiences while not standardizing or stereotyping people or their cultures.

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We believe objectively teaching the true history is what should be taught in classroom. Just like the infamous saying “History repeats itself.” As a society we should learn from the past events in order to prevent the same mistakenly event from occurring again. Learning solely based on a biased side of an event, is just unfair to not include the side of the parties who were involved. Although there are harsh and controversial events, it should be taught to students. If students were to be taught history with the entire truth, they would be able build their own knowledge and beliefs about history.

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A Multicultural curriculum should address all students cultures. Teachers can include books and activities of different cultures and traditions to give a better understanding . Through the use of Social Studies we can explain in detail and have the students participate. A Multicultural curriculum should not just specify in a singular culture, were others will be left out.

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I searched through TEKS and there is no reference to teaching or embracing other cultures.

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Some social experiences that we have seen in the classrooms are bullying and discrimination. For many teenagers bullying others might seem fun to them, but it creates various insecurities to the person getting bullied. Bullying for sure has not stopped but we as future teachers can decrease the percentage of bullies.

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A multicultural curriculum should include all genders and races in the students learning. We should show them that no matter what the person looks like or identifies as is acceptable. Some ways teachers can do this is by including books and activities that can help them understand and comprehend better.
A Multicultural curriculum should not only focus on one race or one identity.

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When looking through TEKS there is no reference on teaching diversity or embracing other cultures. The only thing that it went through was the skills that needed to be taught throughout the grade levels and subjects.

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A way that a teacher can promote multicultural education is by giving out activities on the day of the celebration for various cultures. This can include coloring activities or short films about that celebration and the culture. Another way teachers can promote multicultural education is by decorating their classroom with upcoming celebrations.

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It is mainly about the ignorance of not knowing the complete story. One always based itself on one side of the story creating misunderstandings and stereotypes. Everyone should be more aware that there is always more to it.

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By letting the students express themselves without judgement. By teaching about historical events of oppression through the years as they progress. Also, by examining the stereotypes that had been created by other types of groups differ from them. By simply just giving everyone the same opportunity.

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Helping students believe in themselves so they can also do so. Not start judging students by their past or current situations to not label them as "bad" give everyone the same opportunity. A teacher must make students feel their worth when they need to and guide them in a good path for them and for the community.

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Making the content relevant, most students don't have that interest or attachment because they feel they can't relate to. Students need to have that connection to feel valued and included. Teachers need to teach about diversity knowing that there's more than one race/ethnicity out there.

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The social problems I have seen in the classroom involve alcohol and substance abuse. I would over here the parties students underage would attend and be provided with alcohol and have different kinds of drugs. This also connected with the students socioeconomic level. Students who had more stability often relied on drugs since most of the time their parents were not as involved in their lives. Those students would mostly do poorly while the students with a lower economic standard had a harder time trying to stay in school

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My opinion of a multicultural curriculum includes different aspects of a culture like the history, beliefs, and values as well as teaching students about race and ethnicity. By showing diversity in the classroom students will know how to properly interact with students that are from different cultures in the class and outside the classroom as well. What the curriculum should focus on one culture because all cultures are equally important.

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The social challenges we have seen or gone through is social circles and classifications. For example, once you are classified as an outcast that's what you're. Also, the lack of teamwork and empathy between students.

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In the article, ways to prepare for culturally relevant teaching would involve being aware about different cultures and ethnicities. As well as, building connections with students through likes and dislikes and being more open to forming family connections to benefit the student.

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A multicultural curriculum emphasizes the negative impact of racism and discrimination. A multicultural curriculum has the inclusion of embracing the differences in everyone. Multicultural curriculum teaches students about other cultures.The multicultural curriculum should not allow disrespect or intimidation. A multicultural classroom does not look like an unsafe place where diverse students are afraid to share about their traditions or language.

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In the Educator Ethics the reference that they make about acceptance can be found in the standard 2.5. This standard states that "The educator shall not discriminate against or coerce a colleague on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, age, gender, disability, family status, or sexual orientation." This standard will help maintain equality and will provide a safe learning space for both the teacher and the students.

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For the Educator Standards they mention on how they embrace students differences, for example it is the teachers job to help that student with any way possible. Even if it means a different lesson plan, this could prevent that one student left behind due to not knowing the material being taught. The standards also states that there needs to be participation in the classroom.

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We Believe Objective History is what should be taught in the classroom. This will allow for the students to develop their own views on a certain event and will help them better understand historic events. By being able to teach the true objective history students will be able to make their own opinions on history rather than being given a one-sided historic event

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What Dr. Rios applied when working with students was to help students with their confidence and to not judge them from their past or current situations. He explained that a teacher is there to help the student to be better in their future and to guide them to success.

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Looking at the TEKS you can't find right away a reference to teaching diversity or embracing other cultures; however, ESL students are encouraged to use the knowledge of their first language for vocabulary development in the elementary level.

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Within the Educator standards, there are two sections that specifically describe the need of educators to accommodate for their students and implement different teaching strategies and methods to supplement these differences. It states that they must "design lessons to meet the needs of diverse learners, adapting methods when appropriate" This showcases how students do have differences whether it be academically, physically, or mentally.

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One of the biggest social challenges faced in school is drug abuse. It's done because it is seen as the "cool" thing to do when you're young. Most of my friends have told me they only started smoking or taking any drugs because of peer pressure. Their friends told them to do it and ridiculed them when they refused calling them "boring." In the end starting drugs is almost always because of social challenges.

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She claims that the power of storytelling comes with a risk—the risk of only knowing one story about a group. Stereotypes are formed by a single story, and the problem with stereotypes is that they are incomplete rather than inaccurate. They turn one story into the only one.

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The message of this video is how important our culture is. Different cultures make up a classroom of students. Students must learn to work with each other at a young age and it should not matter if they are different culturally. This could help them have a better work ethic in the future with other people.

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Some of the strategies that Dr. Rios applied when working with students was that he tried to help them build confidence. He also tried to make all of his students feel like equals. For example, no matter their background, or their current living or family situations; they are all there to learn and grow as people.

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When reviewing over the TEKS, we noticed that no where in there are any references to embrace different cultures or be able to openly teach in diversity.

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Being able to promote multicultural education can sometimes be difficult because as a teacher you are trying your best to make everyone feel accepted but at the same time trying not to offend anyone. As a future educator it would be very important to remind the students that anyone and everyones beliefs and cultures are welcome in your classroom and no one will be turned away. If the students have that reminder of your acceptance will help you all build more trust in the classroom.

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We belive that the key takeaway of this video is that cultural responsive pedagogy is to build on students ptio knowledge of their own culture. That students alredy have their own culture and part of good teaching is that the teachers need to adapt and embrace this.

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A multicultural curriculum includes the perspective of several cultures in the content that is being taught to the student; and example of this would be presenting historical events of several cultures, as well as from various perspectives. An example of how it does not look like, is quite like how American History is taught in high school, where they only present the majority of white events and culture, with a few paragraphs of other cultures present in the country.

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After going over the the student teacher standards, it becomes clear that there are references to embracing student differences. For example, Standard 2 discusses that teachers should work to embrace different educational and developmental backgrounds while still focusing on student needs. This allows the students to be welcomed into an environment where a students diversity is accepted.

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The curriculum should focus on the objectively true teaching of history and not the Patriotic American version. This prevents false information and downplayed information to be taught to children. For instance, the truth about Christopher Columbus has still been hidden and sugar-coated for years, and children believe Christopher Columbus discovered the Americans when he did not. Even though it is dark topics, it is the truth and should not be lied about. This also allows our country to have the same knowledge as those in other countries without keeping us in our own historic bubble.

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There are not any references to embrace different cultures and diversity. We strongly feel that there should be references as the world is evolving and not just focusing on content. We as future teachers, need to bring more awareness to future generations about embracing their culture and learning more about it, so people don't feel left out. Teaching diversity is crucial as it brings awareness to everyone.

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To be able to promote multicultural education teachers should be aware of all the different cultures and upbringings their students come from. Teachers should encourage inclusion between their students to make sure no student ever feels left out just because they come from a different culture than everyone. Communication between the students and teachers is crucial to be able to promote a multicultural education in the classroom.

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The TEKS did not have any information on how to teach a classroom of diversity. I found information on how ESL students can use their primary language to make some connections with new knowledge

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The idea of a single story describes how the lack of exposure to other cultures causes a lack of realistic views of what people really are (encourages a closed mind).
The danger of a single story means that there is only one story being told about certain cultures, which causes these ideas to be true to those who are not culturally aware.

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In schools, a way that they can promote multicultural education is by teaching different strategies of ways that people learn, such as math. For instance, in China, they use a different strategy for multiplication than we do in the U.S. Also, in a classroom, the teacher can provide daily fun facts about different cultures for students to learn.

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We can promote social justice in our classroom by showing the students the news and various protests that are prominent today as well as teach why they are created. We can also promote discussion between students in the classrooms about their thoughts. We can also teach about previous moments of social injustice to inspire social justice between them.

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Looking through the TEKS we did not see any references to teaching and/or embracing other cultures, however, students' needs were talked about. There will be different types of students that require different teaching methods and there are some TEKS mentioning how to go about these situations.

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One of the examples that Dr. Rios mentioned in his Ted Talk is not judging his students. He wants for his students to have their confidence. Not leaving any type of individual out no matter what type of struggles they face through their life. Their are some students that love going to school to feel "safer" from home and having to deal with the same thing? Teachers should be there for their students.

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Going over the Educator Standards there is a lot that speaks clearly on how to embrace student differences. Looking over Standard 2 in goes into a mildly in depth way of how to embrace these students and where they are coming from. Each of these relates to the educator being somewhat aware of what the student is coming from and how far their academic success is. Each one of these also helps the educator to swiftly move around these differences to make the environment comfortable and safe for the student to be able to achieve their academic goals and gain some sort of discipline.

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A multicultural classroom is a class where the teacher understands that there are different ethnicities, cultures, and religious beliefs. The teacher should be able to use the differences as an asset and there should also be diversity in the type of literature that is present in the class. However, it should NOT look like mocking or degrading another culture in order to teach.

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There have been many social challenges we all have gone through, throughout our years in school. One big one that stood out has been putting the "smarter" kids in one side and the "kids who struggle" on the other side. We believe the teacher should be able to have everyone together, to be able to help everyone out. One as a student would have low-self esteem knowing they are not with the "smarter" students, and make them feel discouraged.

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Mr. Rios basically would wait for students to open up when they are “ready” and when that happens the students will be able to air their grievances and learn how to deal/overcome them. He believes that most people do know how to work hard to make themselves better people/citizens he just has to wait for the students to realize that, the only thing he can do is encourage and push them to the recourses available.

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According to the Educator Ethics, an educator cannot deny a student benefits or participation in a program, as well as give an advantage, on the basis of their differences from other students. The educator also cannot misrepresent the facts of a student intentionally or communicate inappropriately to them. Overall, the ethics described in the Educator Ethics do not condone any inappropriate or discriminatory behavior towards a student due to their differences, instead it promotes a professional and fair and safe environment.

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The Code of Ethics mentions how educators should not discriminate students based on gender, race, sexual orientation, religion, etc. Teachers should accept their students as they are. They should also teach their students to accept each other.

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TEKS is the state's standards of what students should know (list of knowledge and skills that should be covered by the chapter) as well as the standards, guidelines, and TEKS in Spanish. So in other words, there was not any reference to teaching diversity or embracing of other cultures.

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Rueda and Stillman have come up with a lot of ideas on how educators could be more inclusive towards students with different needs. It is important for educators to be aware of the different needs’ individual students may require in order to not leave them behind in their learning. As long as teachers are able to understand and adapt to what their students require, their education is more likely to strive. I think most of Rueda and Stillman’s ideas are great because they are providing alternative ways on how to deal with all types of students.

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The video highlights the importance of culture. It's important to respect all the cultures, inside and outside of the classroom. Teachers have to make strategies to include every student and be aware of their culture (beliefs, traditions, etc.)

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An example of promoting multi-culture education would be providing students with a wide range of books that have different types of cultures in order to be inclusive and provide students with an opportunity to learn about other cultures.