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academic writing is a structured and formal writing, dissociated from opinions.
It should provide neutral, non-emotional and evidence-based findings. It deploys clear language. it entails objective wording. writing encompasses reliable sources of information and citations. it is a way of communication in the academic field.

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1. guidelines -> specify what you're doing and within what framework, how you cite references, purpose of writing etc.
2. overall theme
3. broad research
4. funnel research/pose research question
5. make a writing plan/structure your argument
6. write! main body
7. additional research for gaps in the paper/essay
8. possible revision
9. write conclusion
10. write introduction

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Academic Writing is a tool to show our side of research, helping us to arrive at a result by collecting and putting ideas in a new context.

It helps us share our ideas and outcomes with other people interested in the field, and also it helps us build scientific networks.

It is the foundation for academic discourse.
It involves two variables (dependent and independent), we should measure both to come to a conclusion.

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- communication of arguments and opinions, that are proven by examples and studies
- entails always evidences
- clear and structured piece of work
- has always a target group/stakeholder
- engages with other academic writing
- Exposition of your own ideas, but also engaging with the academic writing and real world

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It is a means of communication within the academic world: presenting new ideas/ critiquing existing theories/ presenting or building upon empirical research / reviewing other work.
it can be subjective and/or objective, depending on the subject and field.

it is always written from the author's perspective and bias, even when presenting facts, but academic writing tries to aim towards objectivity, finding relations and relating the micro to the macro and vice versa.

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1. Research questions and introductory context
2. Research on what has been done on the topic
3. Figure out Methodology / Writing structure
4. deeper Research
5. go back to research question and structure argument
after step 5 we agree with group 2

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1. Choose the topic.
2. Searching for sources.
3. Selecting and comparing the sources.
4. External consultation.
5. Constructing the research / Mind Mapping.
6. First Draft.
7. Revising.
8. Conclusion.

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- picking a topic (in regard of length of the piece)
- deciding on an aim/argument/
- focussing on target group
- brainstorming with a mindmaps
- deciding on specific topics you want to include
- continuous process of research
- bibliography (continuous change is possible)
- deciding on quotations/citations, where to take them from
- beginning to write
- conclusion
- list of references/bibliography
- editing and redrafting
- check if the golden thread is running through it

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- reading: language is sometimes over complicated which makes it sometimes inaccessible/understandable
- good conclusion is difficult to summarize not one sentence
- avoiding repetition
- paraphrasing/finding synonyms difficult
- describing too much --> getting to the point
- rather analytical writing than descriptive
- finding reliable sources
- defining primary/secondary literature
- better to use primary sources, but not always easy to find

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- finding the correct style to write in as there are different academic writing styles (also with referencing/quoting)
- evaluating sources
- navigating 'academic language' -> also specifically relating to different disciplines: each discipline has it's own language
- paywalls in front of reliable sources: literal inaccessibility
- formulating a good research question (specificity/objectivity etc.)

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- writing in a different language than your mother tongue
- keeping out emotions
- consistency of the writing style

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Using appropriate scientific jargon.
Right Citation
Finding good/reliable sources.
Not drifting away from the topic.
Staying neutral.
Trying to be objective.
Not rating/evaluating.
Going to the point & finding the right arguments.
Facing the white page! (finding the motivation)

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- Language (in English)
- Appropriate for this specific university/social sciences field
- Informed/updated on the topic of interest
- Well-structured/organization of information/writing
- Rephrasing
- Finding your own voice
- Balance of subjective and objective ideas
- Spending quality time in the editing process
- Ratio between academic and non-academic sources
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- finding our own voice
- being confident with your own argument
- use of social scientist style of academic writing
- paraphrasing and summarizing examples
- analytical throughout
- being critical / questioning sources
- adopting sophisticated / academic vocabulary

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- time management
- focus/concentration
- knowing when you have 'enough' knowledge to start writing/continue writing
- correct referencing

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- learning by doing
- reading other academic texts, articles and books
- structuring of arguments

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Please, use this padlet to write (see "bearbeiten") and publish your answers. You will work in small working groups (WG 1 - WG 4). In the first slot WG 1 starts with Task 1, WG 2 starts with Task 2, WG 3 starts with Task 3 etc. Please, save your notes with the "publish"-button. In the second slot WG 1 continues with Task 2, WG 2 continues with Task 3, ...WG 4 continues with Task 1. There will be 4 slots. Please, read the answers of your fellow students befor posting your thoughts, thank you and have fun!