# data[].attributes.body
A diabetic diet simply means eating the healthiest foods in moderate amounts and sticking to regular mealtimes. It's based on eating three meals a day at regular times which helps you better use the insulin that your body produces or gets through a medication. A registered dietician can help you put together a diet based on your health goals, tastes, and lifestyle.

References:
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021). Diabetes diet: create your healthy-eating plan. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-diet/art-20044295

# data[].attributes.body
The plate method

The American Diabetes Association offers a simple method of meal planning. In essence, it focuses on eating more vegetables. Follow these steps when preparing your plate:

Fill half of your plate with nonstarchy vegetables, such as spinach, carrots, and tomatoes.

Fill a quarter of your plate with protein, such as tuna, lean pork, or chicken.

Fill the last quarter with a whole-grain item, such as brown rice, or a starchy vegetable, such as green peas.

Include "good" fats such as nuts or avocados in small amounts.

Add a serving of fruit or dairy and a drink of water or unsweetened tea or coffee.

Healthy Carbohydrates:

·      Fruits

·      Vegetables

·      Whole grains

·      Legumes, such as beans and peas

·      Low-fat dairy products, such as milk and cheese

Fiber-rich foods:

·      Kidney, pinto, navy, and black beans

·      Sweet potatoes

·      Whole grains

·      Nuts and seeds

·      Berries

·      Lentils

·      Vegetables

·      Citrus fruits (grapefruit, oranges, lemons, & limes)

Heart-healthy fish:

·      Salmon

·      Mackerel

·      Tuna

·      Sardines

Good fats:

·      Avocados

·      Nuts

·      Canola, olive, and peanut oils

References:
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021). Diabetes diet: create your healthy-eating plan. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-diet/art-20044295

What is the diabetes plate method? Diabetes Food Hub. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.diabetesfoodhub.org/articles/what-is-the-diabetes-plate-method.html

# data[].attributes.body
Saturated Fats:

·      Butter

·      Beef

·      Hot dogs

·      Sausage

·      Bacon

Trans Fats:

·      Processed snacks and foods

·      Baked goods

·      Shortening and stick margarine

Cholesterol: No more than 200 mg/dL a day

·      High-fat dairy products

·      High-fat animal proteins

·      Egg yolks

·      Liver

·      Other organ meats

Sodium:

·      Aim for less than 2,300 mg of sodium a day

·      Maybe less if the patient has high blood pressure

References:
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021). Diabetes diet: create your healthy-eating plan. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-diet/art-20044295

What is the diabetes plate method? Diabetes Food Hub. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.diabetesfoodhub.org/articles/what-is-the-diabetes-plate-method.html

# data[].attributes.body
When blood glucose sugars are outside of the target range.

Typically, blood sugar levels should be between 80 to 130 mg/dL before meals and less than 180 mg/dL two hours after meals.

If you are experiencing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, deep, rapid breathing, drowsiness or confusion.

If symptoms are worsened

If new symptoms are developed

When you feel overwhelmed about the disease or have a difficult time coping.

References
Diabetes: Types, risk factors, symptoms, tests, treatments & prevention. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2021, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7104-diabetes-mellitus-an-overview#management-and-treatment.

Dowshen, S. (Ed.). (2018, June). Diabetes: When to call the doctor (for teens) - nemours kidshealth. KidsHealth. Retrieved October 27, 2021, from https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/diabetes-doctor.html.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2020, January 21). Blood sugar testing: Why, when and how. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved October 27, 2021, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/blood-sugar/art-20046628.

# data[].attributes.body
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes occur when the body does not properly store and use glucose, which is very important for energy. However, they each have their differences

Type 1 : typically occurs in children and adolescents, but can occur in adults. This is when the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells resulting in the inability to produce insulin.

Type 2: Mostly occurs later in life (but can appear in children). Is related to nutritional habits. This is when the pancreas produces insulin, but the body cannot use it effectively. Majority of people with diabetes, have type 2 diabetes.

Dietary Considerations
Weight gain:
- For type 1 diabetics, you may want to avoid weight gain as it can be a potential side effect of intensive insulin therapy.
- can be avoided by decreasing calorie intake by 250 to 300 calories and staying consistent with calories every day
-For type 2 diabetics, losing weight may be the goal as weight loss can help reduce blood sugars to the normal range
- decrease calorie intake, weigh self on regular basis, avoid waiting until last minute to lose weight

Carbohydrate consumption:
-Carbs are the main source of energy, but they can also raise blood sugar levels
-eating a consistent amount of carbohydrate can help control blood sugar levels
- carbohydrate counting, exchange planning, and meal timing can help with controlling the amount of carbohydrates are being consumed

Fat (Quality over quantity):
- saturated fat and trans fat increases risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) while monosaturated and polyunsaturated fats are protective for the most part
- people with diabetes are at increased risk for heart disease and stroke
- eating a diet that is low in saturated and trans fat and cholesterol can help with reducing cholesterol levels and decrease their risk

Alcohol:
- Drinking alcohol in moderation should not affect blood sugar levels significantly
- monitoring blood sugar response to alcohol to determine if there needs to be any changes in insulin doses
- mixers (fruit juice, regular cola) can increase blood sugar levels and increase number of calorie intake
- if mixers are consumed, a dose of insulin may be needed

References
Delahanty , L. M. (2021). Patient education: type 1 diabetes and diet (beyond the basics). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/type-1-diabetes-and-diet-beyond-the-basics#H6

Delahanty , L. M. (2021). Patient education: type 2 diabetes and diet (beyond the basics). uptodate.com: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/type-2-diabetes-and-diet-beyond-the-basics#H874279232

# data[].attributes.body
Myths
1. You have to avoid sugar
2. You have to cut out carbohydrates
3. You will need special diabetic meals
4. A high protein diet is best

Facts
1. It is ok to enjoy treats as long as it is part of a healthy meal plan
2. The types of carbs matter; whole grain carbs instead of starchy carbs is best
3. Principles of healthy eating is the same even for diabetics
4. Eating too much protein may actually cause insulin resistance

HelpGuide. (n.d.). The diabetes diet. helpguide.org: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/diets/the-diabetes-diet.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Readiness for Enhanced Knowledge:

·         Seek teachable moments for those with chronic conditions to enhance their knowledge of health promotion.

o   Alcohol intake.

o   Resources about Food and Nutrients to Avoid.

o   Resources about Food and Nutrients to Encourage.

·         Refer clients to lifestyle and health promotion resources delivered in the workplace or community sites outside traditional health care environments.

o   Meet with Registered Dietician

References:

Ackley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B., Flynn, M. M. B., Martinez-Kratz, M. R., & Zanotti, M. (2020). Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. Elsevier.

American Diabetes Association. (2007, January 1). Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes. Diabetes Care. Retrieved October 27, 2021, from https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/suppl_1/S48.