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8.4: The United States goes back to War   (Thái)
The Embargo of 1807:

France and England engaged in the Napoleonic Wars(1803-1815), declared open seasons on American ships

The issue became heated in 1807 when the HMS leopard, a British warship fired on a U.S naval ship, the Chesapeake, off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia

To respond to the crisis, Jefferson enforced the Embargo Act of 1807, which forbidding American ships leaving their ports until Britain and France put an end to seizing them on the high seas

The intention of the Act was to cut off the trade which would damage severely to Britain and France that the seizure at the sea could end

The Act did have some effects on the British economy but it did have some acutely damage on the American economy (especially American farmers)

At the end of Jefferson’s second terms, he signed the Non-Intercourse Act of 1808, lifting the unpopular embargoes on trade except with Britain and France

In the election of 1808, American voters elected James Madison and inherited Jefferson’s foreign policy problems

Tecumseh and the western confederacy:

Another root of the cause of the War of 1812 was British support for native resistance to U.S western expansion

Under Jefferson, two policies existed: forcing Indian accepted American ways of agriculture or driving Indian into debts so they would sell their land

In 1809, Tecumseh, a Shawnee war chief, remade the Western Confederacy

In 1811, William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory, attempted to destroy the native presence by attacking Prophetstown, a Shawnee settlement

=> Success and found evidences of Britain supported Western Confederacy

The war of 1812:

The seizure of America ships and sailors, combined with the British support of Indian resistance, result in harsh call for war against Great Britain

There were two sides:

+ The “War hawk”, led by Henry Clay and John C.Calhoun, fought for the American honor

+ The Federalists, those who knew war would disrupt their maritime trade

The war didn’t favor America at first (In August 1812, the U.S lost Detroit and a force of 1000 men led by Tecumseh)

However, the U.S did score some victories (Captain Oliver Hazard Perry and his naval force defeated British on Lake Erie, the U.S won against Britain at the Battle of the Thames in Ontario)

-> Despite those wins, the U.S couldn’t turn the tide of the battle due to the advantage of the British winning the Napoleonic Wars and Napoleon’s French Army and forced President Madison and his wife ran for their lives in July 1814

In 1814, British and the U.S diplomats met in Flanders and negotiate the Treaty of Ghent, signed in December

The War of 1912 was very unpopular to the New England caused further economic harm on a region dependent on maritime commerce (mostly the Federalists

The depth of the Federalists’ discontent is demonstrated by the proceedings of the December 1814 Hartford Convention(a meeting of 26 Federalists in Connecticut and called for New England to secede from the U.S)

=> Discrediting the Federalists and led to its downfall

Epilogue: The battle of New Orleans:

Due to the slow communication, the last battle of the War of 1812 happened after the Treaty of Ghent signed

In 1814, Andrew Jackson claimed that he defeated the Creek Indians before invading Florida

On January 8,1815, a force of battle-tested veterans of the Napoleonic Wars attempted to take the port but failed

=> The Battle of the New Orleans immediately catapulted Jackson to national prominence as a war hero and emerged him as the head of the new Democratic Part in 1820

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Tien long half 8.3, Thanh luan 8.1( expect two last topic )

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Chapter 6( Quang minh, Tr Hieu, Dinh Dung)

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