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Climate change is a big problem, we need to do something. In 2015, 196 countries met in Paris, France. They designed a 5- year plan to reduce climate change. Turkey joined Paris Agreement on October 7th 2021.Countries help each other to limit this century's average global temperature increase to no more than 2°C. Countries will,reduce greenhouse gases, reduce Carbon dioxide, or CO2 and use renewable energy sources like wind and sun.

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It’s an agreement to stop climate change and carbon emissions . United Nations created this protocol in Kyoto,Japan in 1997. Turkey is a part of it in 2009.

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Coal, oil, natural gas

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WATER STRESS                                                                     It is the name given to the situation where the annual drinking water drops below 1700 cubic meters per person. According to expert studies approved by the United Nations, the demand for water in the world will exceed 40% of the supply by 2030. It is emphasized that climate change, human activities and population growth play a role in this.

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WATER STRESS                                                                     It is the name given to the situation where the annual drinking water drops below 1700 cubic meters per person. According to expert studies approved by the United Nations, the demand for water in the world will exceed 40% of the supply by 2030. It is emphasized that climate change, human activities and population growth play a role in this.

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It is the unit that indicates the level of drinking water supplied from fresh water. If the water stress is low, there is no need to worry about the future of the water in that country or city in the near and medium term. As the water stress increases, there is a criticality regarding the future of the water.

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Ways to reduce your carbon footprint..

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The Best Ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint | Hot Mess 🌎

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What’s carbon footprint?

A carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an individual, event, organization, service, place or product, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e). Greenhouse gases, including the carbon-containing gases carbon dioxide and methane, can be emitted through the burning of fossil fuels, land clearance and the production and consumption of food, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, transportation and other services.

How to limit your carbon footprint?

Understanding your carbon footprint can help limit the impact of your consumption on the environment. There are different online solutions to help you estimate your carbon footprint.

Small changes can make a big difference in the long run, for example when it comes to transportation, food, clothing, waste, etc. Here are some tips:

Food

Consume local and seasonal products (forget strawberries in winter)

Limit meat consumption, especially beef

Select fish from sustainable fishing

Bring reusable shopping bags and avoid products with excessive plastic packaging

Make sure to buy only what you need, to avoid waste

Clothing

Take good care of your clothes

Try swapping, borrowing, renting or buying second-hand

Buy responsibly-made clothes, e.g. made from recycled material or with an eco-label

Transport

Cycle or use public transport

Be smart about when and how you drive

Try the train for your next holiday

Energy and waste

Turn down the heating by 1°, it will already make a difference

Take short showers

Turn off the water while you brush your teeth or clean the dishes

Unplug your electronic equipment and don’t leave your phone on charge when the battery is already full

Don’t store unnecessary data in the cloud

Select energy efficient products with an “A” label

Limit and recycle your waste

By ALİAĞA ATATÜRK İLKOKULU

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The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.

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As you might expect from the name, the greenhouse effect works … like a greenhouse! A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a glass roof. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, such as tomatoes and tropical flowers.

A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during the winter. In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse andwarms the plants and air inside. At night time, it's colder outside, but the greenhouse stays pretty warm inside. That's because the glasswalls of the greenhouse trap the Sun's heat.

The greenhouse effect works much the same way on Earth. Gases in the atmosphere, such as carbondioxide, trap heat similar to the glassroof of a greenhouse. These heat-trapping gases are called greenhouse gases.

During theday, the Sun shines through the atmosphere. Earth's surface warms up in thesunlight. At night, Earth's surface cools, releasing heat back into the air. But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That's what keeps our Earth a warm and cozy 58 degrees Fahrenheit (14 degrees Celsius), on average.

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Biodiversity Loss

It means a decrease in biodiversity within species, an ecosystem, a given geographic area, or Earth as a whole.

CAUSES;

Climate change,

Pollution,

Over-exploitation,

Over consumption.

EFFECTS;

Ecological effects,

Loss of good production,

Spread of diseases.

SOLUTIONS;

Protect habitats,

Stop pollution,

Save energy,

Support local production.

Şehit Albay İbrahim Karaoğlanoğlu Primary School

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Global warming in the most obvious way; “It is the name given to the increase in the average temperatures measured in land, sea and air on Earth throughout the year, as a result of the greenhouse effect, which is thought to be caused by the gases released into the atmosphere.” possible to define.

Today, scientists agree on global warming. Global Climate Change (GCC) is the climate change caused by global warming caused by greenhouse gases, the amount and density of which increase in the atmosphere as a result of activities such as human, industrial, agricultural and energy consumption. These climate changes can be drought, desertification, imbalances and deviations in precipitation, floods, typhoons, storms, tornadoes, etc. It manifests itself with symptoms such as increases in meteorological events.

By Gümüşsuyu Ortaokulu

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There is a wide variety of materials that can be recycled through your curbside recycling program. They consist of obvious materials such as paper and glass, as well as most forms of metal and even less obvious materials including food:

Paper, including newspapers, magazines, and mixed papers
Cardboard (OCC)
Glass bottles and jars
hard plastic products
Metal containers, including tin, aluminum and steel cans
Food waste if your city has an organic collection program.

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Reuse – Reusing a certain material means to use it again for the same purpose that it was originally made for.   Sometimes a product that is being reused is referred to as being refurbished, or pre-owned.  The original product is usually not altered in any significant way before being used again.  Examples range from pre-owned cars and golf clubs to clothing and footwear.

Upcycling – Upcycling means to use a certain material again, but in a manner different than what it was originally intended for.  The original product is left mostly intact, utilizing its shape, form, and material for a different purpose.  Examples include using car tires as swings or playground elements, using corks to make a cork board, or using shipping pallets to make furniture or interior design elements.   Only a very small percentage of the material TerraCycle collects falls into this category.

Recycling – Recycling is the process of recovering material from waste and turning it into new products.  The original product is destroyed in this process, usually through a melting process, but it used to form new products.  Examples are aluminum cans, plastic water bottles, most food tubs, bottles, cans, and many more!  Most of the items TerraCycle collects fall into this category.

Incineration (or Waste-to-Energy/W2E) – Incineration is the process by which waste materials are burned or gasified.  Depending on the product, this process may or may not generate fuel or energy.  The original product is destroyed during this process as the high temperatures break down material at the molecular level.

Landfilling – Disposing of waste by putting it into a pile and covering it with dirt and other materials. Landfilling effectively mummifies the material, as very little decomposition can occur due to the lack of air circulation and sunlight.  This process does not recover any material, except in very few exceptions where landfills may syphon off methane gas for energy use.

Reducing Your Impact – There are many ways that we, as individuals, can lessen our impact on the planet and the finite resources it contains. This list provides a general outline of things we can all do to become more environmentally conscious consumers:

1. Reduce - Reduce our overall consumption of “things” in general. This can be as simple as turning off the faucet while brushing our teeth, taking shorter showers with colder water, or pacing the amount of air conditioning we use in the summer or heat in the winter.  Carpooling reduces gasoline consumption and reduces the number of cars on the road. You can change most of your essential mail over to paperless; plus, many newspapers, magazines, and bills can be viewed on the internet.

2. Buy used products – Purchasing pre-owned materials reduces demand for raw materials, and some pre-owned products are just as functional as their newer counterparts.  This will usually cost you less money as well!

3. Buy more durable products – Choosing a higher quality durable product over cheaper disposable alternatives is a great way to reduce consumption, and also waste.

4. Buy consciously – When available, purchase products that include recycled content or that have reduced environmental impacts.

5. Finally, ask yourself, do you actually need this product?  If the answer is “no” and you forego the purchase for that reason, you’ve just made a conscious effort to reduce your environmental impact.

TYPES OF WASTE:

Post-Industrial (i.e. Factory Waste) – Waste generated in a factory during the manufacturing process, often in the form of product scrap, trim, overruns, punch-outs, or other processing waste.

Pre-Consumer (i.e. Factory Waste) – This is waste generated in a factory from completed products, often in the form of misprinted, defective, or excess products.

Post-Consumer – Waste generated after a product has been used and disposed of by a consumer.  This is the type of waste people are most familiar with, as they mostly throw it in a garbage can or recycling bin.

RECYCLABLE MATERIALS:

Plastics (by Recycling Code):  While these symbols appear on many items to identify recyclability, they do not necessary means that the items are recyclable.  For instance, a #1 (PET) is very commonly recycled while a #7 (Other) cannot be recycled in many places.  Here is a breakdown of the recycling codes and what they all mean:

#1 PET – This is a type of plastic commonly used in water bottles, blister packs, and clear food packaging.

#2 HDPE – This is a type of higher-melting plastic that is used in milk jugs, cleaning solution bottles, trigger bottles, etc.

#3 PVC – This type of plastic is used in the the white pipes/tubes that most modern plumbing is made with.

#4 LDPE – This is a type of lower-melting plastic that makes up your shopping bag and some stretch wrap.

#5 PP – This is a type of higher-melting plastic used for dairy tubs, the caps on most bottles, and things like storage containers.

#6 PS – This plastic is used to make styrofoam food containers, disposable dining utensils, and yogurt containers.

#7 Other – This category refers to everything else that does not fall into the previous six, or a combination of any of the previous items used together in a single product.  Some other types of plastics that fall into this category are:

ABS – This polymer is often used to make the rigid plastic housings for electronics, remotes, toys, and more.

PA (Nylon) – This plastic is often used in fabrics, plastic zip or cable ties, and other industrial parts.

Metals:

Aluminum – Aluminum is one of the most common metals on the planet, and its properties make it important for many products and their packaging.  This is one of the most important materials to recycle.

Steel - This is a common metal for durable goods and load-bearing objects.  Examples of product applications that use steel include metal appliances, cars, and load-bearing beams.

Copper – Copper is used in electrical applications and electronic products due to its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.

Glass: This is a (mostly) transparent solid material that is mostly used for practical and decorative applications. It comes in three different colors, all used in different applications, which are all widely recyclable.

Amber – used frequently for beer bottles

Green – occasionally used for beer bottles

Clear – often used for food/beverage packaging or for more practical and decorative needs

Paper: These plant-derived materials are commonly recycled, but have different grades. Paper cannot be recycled if it is wet, has food contamination, or has been recycled multiple times already.  There are three grades of paper used for making recycled products.

1. Cardboard (OCC)

2. Office paper

3. Newsprint / magazines

E-Waste: These materials include some type of electronic component and are most often disassembled in order to be recycled.

Textiles: These are fabrics and typically make up clothing or accessories.

Batteries: Despite having a chemical and electrical component, some batteries can be recycled.