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Family was the most important group in Egypt's society. The father was the head of the family, however women had more rights than in the past and held a legal status, could own property, buy and sell good, obtain divorces, etc. Women of the higher wealthier social class, served as priests, managing temples and performing religious ceremonies or stayed at home while their husbands worked. Only few children attended school, however they had time for fun playing with board games, dolls, spinning tops, stuffed leather balls, etc. Egyptian children were expected to have manners and respect/learn from their parents. Mothers taughts daughters to sew, cook, and run a household while boys learned farming and other trades from their father to have the oldest son most likely inherit the father's business. When boys and girls became teenagers, they were expected to get married and start their own families. Egyptian cities and the upper class had nuclear families, families of two parents and kids, and the lower class had extended families. Extended families helped farmers have more workers to help on the fields. The oldest son or daughter were responsible of taking care of their parents when they became too old/sick and to give them a proper burial after death.

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The upper class lived in two/three story elegant homes along the Nile built of wood and sun dried mud blocks, which included gardens and pools and had servants. They dressed in fashionable linen clothes, wore dark eye makeup, and jewelry. The middle class, including business owners and people with skilled jobs, lived in smaller houses and dressed more casual. The lowest class , including farmers, unskilled workers, and enslaved people. Farmers lived normally one room houses made of mud brick and palm leaves for roofs, ate bread, vegetables, and fruit, worked on land owned by wealthy people, and paid rent to the landowners with portions of crops. Unskilled workers, some were enslaved, performed manual labor and settled in crowded city neighborhoods in small mud brick housed with hard-packed dirt floors. Families mostly used the rooftops to do their cooking because of the heat, to socialize, sleep, plays games, etc.

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People's roles reflected on their social status. Pharaohs and their families were in the highest social position, so people in the lower class were able to improve their social position. Army commanders, priests, nobles made up the small upper class. Traders, artisans, and scribes made up the middle class. The farmers and unskilled workers made up the largest group of the lowest class.

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Around the mid 2000 B.C. The Egyptians built the Great Pyramid, the grandest pyramid, 10 miles away from Cairo. It wad build for King Khufu and 1/3 that remain at Giza today. It has almost 500 ft in height, takes about nine football fields of land, more than 2 million stones used, and weighs an average of 2.3 tons.

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Building pyramids took thousands of years to complete with surveyors, engineers, carpenters, and farmers who helped mostly during the summer when the Nile flooded their crops. The first great engineer in building them who served also as a government official was Imhotep. Workers would find stones throughout the Nile valley or in Upper Egypt, have skilled artisans cut the stones into huge blocks with copper tools, used ropes to fasten block onto wooden sleds to be pulled along the path made of logs to the river, moved the stones onto barges to carry them to the building site, and then unload them to place them in place for each pyramid level.
Building them has many challenges, however, Egyptians learned a lot from them. For example, they studied astronomy when finding north to build the entrance which led them to invent the 365 days 12-month calendar with 3 seasons and they also advanced in math, calculating how much stone was needed on each pyramid wall, inventing fractions, a system of written numbered based on 10, and order of operations with fractions (add, subtract, divide)

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From learning about the human body from embalming, this helped the Egyptians develop basic medical skills. Egyptian doctors were sewed up cuts, set brocken bone and they were the first to use splints, bandages, and compresses. They were also the first to have medical record books written on papyrus scrolls.

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Egyptians always had a positive view of the afterlife, believing that it would be better than present life like a place of peace. They studied the prayers and magic spells of "The Book of the Dead" the prepare for the afterlife. For example, if people had good lives and knew the spells/prayers they were granted with eternal life by Osiris, who greeted the recently dead at the gate to the next world. Long before, the Egyptians thought that only the pharaoh would enjoy the afterlife by protecting the body since they believed that the pharaoh's soul stayed in the body. They also thought that the pharaoh would continue to protect Egypt from there and that the pharaoh would fully passed away , in the afterlife as well, if the body would decay. However over time the Egyptians altered their beliefs about the afterlife and believed that the afterlife was not only for the pharaoh but for all Egyptians. To protect the human and animals bodies for the afterlife, the Egyptians created a process called embalming where priests first removed the organs, covered the body in a salt called natron to soak all the fluids in the body, filled with burial spices and then wrapped in long strips of linen creating a mummy. Wealthy people had their mummies sealed in coffins and buried in decorated tombs, however poorer people were often buried in caves or sand. Egyptians also embalmed animals and saw them as sacred creatures.

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Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the son of Re, the sun god, who protected Egypt. The Egyptians praised the pharaoh that they played music and bowed their hands when the pharaoh appeared in public. The pharaoh participated in various ceremonies to contribute to the kingdom's community. For example, the Egyptians believed that it would help keep the soil fertile if the pharaoh rode a bull around Memphis and the pharaoh was first to cut the ripened grained at harvest time because they believed it would produce more abundant crops.

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Ancient Egypt, at its peak, had a population of 5 million people. Most lived in the fertile Nile valley and delta, found at the mouth of the river, however these two areas make up 3 percent of Egypt's land.

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The Egyptians built pyramids, out of stone, in order to honor their pharaohs in a special way and covered several large areas. The pyramids protected the bodies of the dead pharaohs from floods, wild animals, and robbers and also preserved them to still be in good condition. The Egyptians would place the pharoah's personal belongings because they belied the pharaohs would be happier after death that way.

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Religion was very important and influenced every aspect of Egyptian life. Egyptians believed deities, gods or goddesses, control natural forces as well as human activities. Two most crucial gods were the sun god Re and the river god Hapi because Egyptians depended on the sun to grow their crops and on the Nile River to make the soil fertile. Other important gods were Orisis with his wife, Iris, who taught the Egyptians laws and farming, and Thoth, who was the god of learning could take animal or human form.

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Egyptians changed the name of the ruler to be known as pharaoh, meaning "great house" referring to the grand palace the pharaoh and his family lived in, instead of king. The Egyptians were loyal and praiseful to the pharaoh because they believed that a strong leader would bring unity to their kingdom and protect/help their kingdom. The pharaoh held total power and was forced to be obeyed to. The pharaoh appointed bureaucrats, government officials, to carry out his orders. For example, they supervised construction and repair of dams, irrigation canals, and brick granaries and they also collected tax payments from farmers. Since the pharaoh owned all land in Egypt, he was able to distribute land to officials, priests, and wealthy Egyptians of his choice.

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During 2600 B.C. - 2200 B.C, The Egyptian civilization entered the period called "Old Kingdom". The Egyptians praised unity, so they developed a government under an all- powered ruler who controlled both religious and political affairs, which was called theocracy.