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Moscow is an old city. Yury Dolgoruki founded it in 1147. In the early 12th century, Prince Yury was Prince of Vladimir and Suzdal, and Prince of Kiev at the same time. Today Moscow is the capital of Russia and one of the most famous cities in the world. Moscow is the industrial, cultural and political centre of the country. It is the seat of the Russian Government. During the whole history of Moscow the city always occupied the leading place in the cultural and scientific life of the Russian people. The first Russian public theatre, the first hand-written Russian newspaper, the first Russian university appeared in Moscow.

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There are many places of interest in Moscow. The cultural life of the capital is very rich. Muscovites are proud of their museums: the Tretyakov Gallery, the Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S.Pushkin, the Kuskovo Museum, Kolomenskoye, Ostankino Serfs Art Museum, museums of Moscow Kremlin, literary museums and many others.

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Red Square is the heart of Moscow. It got its name in the XVIIth century. In old Russian the word red meant beautiful. Red Square is very large. It is the finest square in the capital. The best view of it is from the windows of the Historical Museum. You can see interesting landmarks in it. In the centre of Red Square, by the Kremlin wall, you can see the Lenin Mausoleum designed by the architect Alexey Victorovich Shchusev.

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Spasskaya tower the tallest of the Kremlin towers. It is 67,3 metres high. The tower is famous for its clock, the Kremlin clock, made in the XVIth century. The clock strikes every hour and quarter hour. The minute hand is 3,38 metres long.

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The most famous building in Red Square is St.Basil’s Cathedral. The Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed  Sobor Vasiliya Blazhennogo), commonly known as Saint Basil's Cathedral, is a church in Red Square in Moscow,Russia. The building, now a museum, is officially known as the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat, Sobor Pokrova or Pokrovsky Cathedral . It was built from 1555–1561 on orders from Ivan the Terrible and commemorates the capture of Kazan and Astrakhan. It was the city's tallest building until the completion of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in 1600.

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The historical heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. It is a monument of Russian history and culture. In ancient times every large town had its kremlin. The kremlin is the part of a town surrounded by high walls. The word “kremlin” means “fortress”. The first walls of the Moscow Kremlin were made of wood eight centuries ago. The Kremlin was later reconstructed with stone during the XIV century. The Moscow Kremlin achieved its present appearance by the end of XV century.

The Kremlin was the original center of Moscow while the other parts of the town grew up.

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Cathedral Square (Sobornaya Ploshchad) was called Parade Square. But now it isn’t used for military parades. Three finest cathedrals of the Kremlin and the belfry of Ivan the Great stand around it. Blagoveshchensky Sobor is a replica of the cathedral at Vladimir with the iconostasis made by Theophanes the Greek and Andrey Rublev. Arkhangelsky Sobor was built by the Italian Alevisio Novy. The tombs of the Tsar and Russian princes from Ivan Kalita are in this cathedral.

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There are many interesting galleries in our country. The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the famous and the well-known picture galleries in our country and over the world. The State Tretyakov Gallery is situated in a Russian-looking building in the centre of Moscow. This gallery is named after its founder Peter Tretyakov. He began to collect Russian paintings in 1856. He wanted these paintings to be seen by people. In 1861 he opened his collection to the public. The gallery has got many halls. It has a rich collection of early Russian art, including the icons by Andrey Rublev and Simon Ushakov. One of the halls is devoted to the great Russian paintings of the 18th and 19th centuries. We can see pictures by such painters as Serov, Repin, Ivanov, Levitan and others. The first works in Tretyakov’s collection were the paintings of the “Peredvizhniki”. The collector bought paintings “Morning in a Pine Wood” by Shiskin and “Ivan Tsarevich on the Grey Wolf” by Vasnetsov.

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The oldest theatre of opera and ballet in our country is the Bolshoy Theatre. The best ballet performances and Russian and foreign operas are performed in this theatre. It was founded in 1776 as the Petrovsky Theatre. The building of this theatre was destroyed by fire in 1805. In 1824 the architect Bove designed a new building called the Bolshoy Petrovsky Theatre. This building was destroyed by fire in 1853. The theatre was rebuilt and opened in 1856.

The Maly Theatre is the oldest drama theatre in the capital of our country. It was named the Maly Theatre in 1824 Alexander Ostrovsky wrote most of the plays specially for the Maly Theatre and sometimes it is named as Ostrovsky House. A monument to the great dramatist A.Ostrovsky was erected in front of the theatre in 1929.

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Moscow University was founded by the Empress Elizabeth with the great writer and scientist of the time Lomonosov. The building is situated near the Kremlin. The New University of Moscow occupies the finest position on the Sparrow Hills (Vorobyevy Gory). In front of the University there are flowerbeds and busts of great Russian scientists: Lomonosov, Lobachevsky, Mendeleev, Popov. The University has the name of its founder Lomonosov. Moscow State University has a rich library. It was first opened in 1756. Now the library contains more than eight million books. It is the third largest one among public libraries of Russia.

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