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Foundation of the first South American city

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Foundation of the first South American city

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On July 29, 1525, a great event took place on the Caribbean coast of present-day Colombia. The Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas, accompanied by two hundred compatriots and several aborigines, officiates ceremony and raises the act of the foundation of the city of Santa Marta, city that would become the first great city of South America, being the starting point for the colonization of the rest of the Colombian territory.

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Less than a decade after the founding of Santa Marta, on June 1, 1533, the Spanish navigator Pedro de Heredia and his sailors from Cartagena (Murcia) founded the city of Cartagena de Indias, in present-day Colombia. It was not long before the city became one of the busiest and most important ports on the American continent, being the place where the great riches extracted from the colonies were shipped to the Spanish ports of Cartagena, Cadiz and Seville.

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First Royal Court of the New Kingdom of Granada

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First Royal Court of the New Kingdom of Granada

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On April 7, 1550, the First Royal Court of the New Kingdom of Granada was held in the city of Santa Fe de Bogotá. The event took place in a large house facing the Plaza Mayor, the same building that today is the Palace of Justice in the Plaza de Bolivar. The Royal Court was the highest court of the Spanish Crown over the territory of the New Kingdom of Granada. Its objectives were to consolidate the good government of the territory and to administer true justice in it.

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On November 11, 1811, the noble city of Cartagena de Indias rises up in a rarefied state. Early in the morning, the mob assaults the weapons room in the Plaza de la Aduana and, later, congregates in front of the Junta de Gobierno to pressure its members to proclaim independence. The pressure increases and, finally, Commissioner Muñoz publishes the Act, in which the decision to separate forever from the Spanish yoke is promulgated. Thus Cartagena becomes the first city to gain independence from Spain.

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Proclamation of the Second Republic of Venezuela

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Proclamation of the Second Republic of Venezuela

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On May 14, 1813, with the departure of Simón Bolívar's army from the city of Cúcuta (Colombia), the so-called "Admirable Campaign" begins, which will take him to the gates of Caracas. There, on August 6, he achieved the liberation of western Venezuela. Together with the victories achieved in eastern Venezuela by Santiago Mariño, the Second Republic of Venezuela was born. These events contribute greatly to the independence of Colombia a few years later.

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On November 28, in Panama, and after several desertions among the imperial ranks, the American isthmus proclaims itself free and independent from the Spanish Crown. Immediately, and adding to the libertarian dream of Simón Bolívar, Gran Colombia is constituted, an enormous nation formed by the current territories of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama, in addition to containing portions of Costa Rica, Peru, Brazil and Guyana.

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Gustavo Rojas Pinilla came to power through a bloodless coup, supported by the liberals and non-Laureanist conservatives, on June 13, 1953. The military man proposed to put an end to violence and pacify the country, counting on a great political and popular support and, if necessary, to use force. His government, which is also classified as a dictatorship, lasted from 1953 to 1957, acting as president and being reelected twice.

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On December 9, 1990, during the government of César Gaviria Trujillo, Colombians voted for the democratic formation of the group of leaders in charge of discussing and drafting a new constitution. This new Constitution, made public and applied as of 1991, is a replacement of the already outdated Constitution of 1886.

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On December 2, 1993, Colombia was stunned by the news that Pablo Escobar, the most influential drug trafficker of the time, had died.

Although the death of this criminal was celebrated worldwide, opinions were divided in Colombia. For the media and politicians, it is a great success, an advance and progress for the world. On the other hand, for many citizens, Pablo Escobar was a character who helped Medellin to be better, and there are even those who consider him a figure to emulate.

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Peace between the Colombian government and the FARC.

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Peace between the Colombian government and the FARC.

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On August 24, 2016, in Havana (Cuba) and after almost four years of talks, the Colombian government and the FARC guerrillas announce the success of peace negotiations. This marks the end of a war that lasted 52 years and caused the death of 220,000 people, 45,000 disappeared and more than six million displaced.