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Type or energy
Description with image
Advantages
Disadvantages
Sources of information

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Type: Non renewable energy.

Description: Fossil fuels – coal, oil and natural gas – are hydrocarbons which when burnt release energy.
Energy can be used directly e.g. petrol in cars or indirectly to produce electricity.

Advantages
Cheap and infrastructure for extraction is available.

Disadvantages burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases which are linked to global warming.
Fossil fuels can be difficult and costly to extract, as they're buried deep underground.
Fossil fuels are non renewable - it takes about 1 million years to make the amount of fossil fuels we use in a year
Remaining fossil fuel supplies:
Coal – 250 years
Gas – 70 years
Oil – 50 years

Sources
https://www.twig-world.com/film/fossil-fuels-use-1317/   https://www.google.com/search?q=gas+burner&rlz=1C1GCEV_en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_yOu5x4LvAhWEwVkKHVe7ClcQ_AUoAXoECCUQAw&biw=1536&bih=750&safe=active&ssui=on

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Description: Solar power uses the sun's energy to generate electricity without releasing green house gases. It is a form of green energy.

Advantages: Doesn't emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere worsening climate change.
Electric bills will fall because you do not need to pay for the generated energy.

Disadvantages: More expensive than non renewable energies.
Takes up a lot of space.
during manufacture there is a small amount of pollution.

sources:
https://greenerenergygroup.co.uk/solar-advantages-and-disadvantages/
Solar energy pic

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Description: Coal is one type of fossil fuel. ... Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals. These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy. Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels
Advantages:

Coal is the Cheapest of All Fossil Fuels. ...

Coal is the Number One Energy Source. ...

Coal Mining is a Big Business. ...

Coal Has More Uses Than Just for Energy. ...

Production Isn't Governed by the Weather. ...

Coal Reduces Reliance on Foreign Oil Imports.

Disadvantages:
negative impact on the environment

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Type: Renewable energy

Description: A hydroelectric dam converts the potential energy stored in a water reservoir behind a dam to mechanical energy—mechanical energy is also known as kinetic energy. As the water flows down through the dam its kinetic energy is used to turn a turbine.

The generator converts the turbine’s mechanical energy into electricity.

Advantages: Completly renewable unless there is no water, emission free

disadvantages: there are droughts, its really expensive, has big environmental impact

sources: https://www.enbridge.com/energy-matters/energy-school/hydro-generation

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Hydroelectric power is a renewable energy source which harnesses the power of moving water to produce electricity.

The hydroelectric process starts long before you turn your light on at home or work.

Large scale hydroelectricity projects typically involve dams. Run-of-river and tidal projects also harness the power of moving water to generate renewable electricity.

A hydroelectric dam converts the potential energy stored in a water reservoir behind a dam to mechanical energy-mechanical energy is also known as kinetic energy. As the water flows down through the dam its kinetic energy is used to turn a turbine.

The generator converts the turbine's mechanical energy into electricity.

This electric energy then goes through various transmission processes before it reaches you.

Check out this video from the United States Department of Energy for more information on how hydroelectricity is generated:

Curious about the energy terminology used in this piece? The U.S. Energy Information Administration's website has an easy-to-understand overview of energy terms like potential energy and mechanical/kinetic energy.

Here are some links to additional resources to learn more about hydroelectricity:
B.C. Hydro: how hydro power is generated U.S. Department of Energy: how hydropower works
Ontario Power Generation: hydroelectric power
In the world's conversation about energy, one point is beyond debate: Energy makes a vital contribution to people's quality of life, to society and to human progress. This is true today, and it will remain true in the future. That's why Energy Matters was created. We believe it's important to equip people with unbiased information so they may form opinions, join the conversation and feel confidence in the work and accomplishments of the energy sector. Energy Matters is an initiative that provides transparent information and perspective on energy. Here, we'll cover a range of topics: the scale of global energy; the ways energy is sourced and produced; current energy technology; forthcoming innovations; the world's future energy needs; and the sustainable sources of energy that will fill them. Because energy matters to everyone, we hope you'll rely on Energy Matters as an ongoing source of balanced information.

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Hydroelectric power is a renewable energy source which harnesses the power of moving water to produce electricity. The hydroelectric process starts long before you turn your light on at home or work. Large scale hydroelectricity projects typically involve dams. Run-of-river and tidal projects also harness the power of moving water to generate renewable electricity.

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Type: A bit of both but more non-renewable (the energy itself is renewable but the materials used are not)

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Nuclear energy is the use of nuclear reactions to produce power and electricity.

Most nuclear power comes from the fission of plutonium and uranium (at the moment).

Scientists speculate that if we could create a self-sustaining nuclear fusion energy reaction chain (like the sun) it would be could.

Advantages:
Provides electricity
Low operating cost
Global climate compatible - few carbon emissions
It can be used and created in different ways
It is a reliable source of energy

Disadvantages:
Initial investmest is expensive
When exposed it can produce health issues
Long term storage expenditures
New power plants take a long time to construct

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Type: Renewable energy

Advantage: Better for the environment as it's a cleaner energy source than the burning of fossil fuels, it won't pollute the air like power plants or produce atmospheric emissions such as acid rain, smog, or green house gases , and also won't run out (sustainable). Wind farms also creates jobs (manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and supporting services).

Disadvantage: Need for land use (dominate the landscape), however, because of the need for a large plot of land, wind plants are in remote areas far away from the city where the electricity is needed. Therefore transmissions lines have to be built so that the electricity generated from the wind farms reaches the city. They also cause mild disturbance (wind turbines produce a lot of noise). Wind plants also effect wildlife, such as birds flying into the turbines and dying.

Sources: https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/advantages-and-challenges-wind-energy
https://www.twig-world.com/film/the-wind-power-debate-1330/

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Advantages and Challenges of Wind Energy

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Wind energy advantages explain why wind power is one of the fast-growing renewable energy sources in all the world.

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description: wave energy is another type of ocean-based renewable energy source that uses the power of the waves to generate electricity. Unlike tidal energy which uses the ebb and flow of the tides, wave energy uses the vertical movement of the surface water that produce tidal waves.

Wave energy is actually a concentrated form of solar power generated by the action of the wind blowing across the surface of the oceans water which can then be used as a renewable source of energy. As the suns rays strike the Earth’s atmosphere, they warm it up. Differences in the temperature of the air masses around the globe causes the air to move from the hotter regions to the cooler regions, resulting in winds.

advantages

Wave energy is an abundant and renewable energy resource as the waves are generated by the wind.

Pollution free

Reduces dependency on fossil fuels as wave energy consumes no fossil fuels during operation.

Wave energy is relatively consistent

Presents no barriers or difficulty to migrating fish and aquatic animals.

disadvantages

Visual impact of wave energy conversion devices on the shoreline and offshore floating buoys or platforms.

Wave energy conversion devices are location-dependent

Offshore wave energy devices can be a threat to navigation that cannot see or detect them by radar.

High power distribution costs to send the generated power from offshore devices to the land using long underwater cables.

They must be able to withstand forces of nature resulting in high capital, construction and maintenance costs.

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Type: Renewable energy

Description: Underwater turbines placed in areas with high tidal movement to capture the kinetic motion of the ocean tides and produce electricity

Advantages:
- pollution-free
- reduces dependency on fossil fuels
Wave energy is relatively consistent and predictable as waves can be accurately forecast several days in advance
- Wave energy devices are modular and easily sited with additional wave energy devices added as needed.
- Dissipates the waves energy protecting the shoreline from coastal erosion
- Presents no barriers or difficulty to migrating fish and aquatic animals

Disadvantages
- Visual impact of wave energy conversion devices on the shoreline and offshore floating buoys or platforms
- Wave energy conversion devices are location dependent requiring suitable sites were the waves are consistently strong
- Intermittent power generation as the waves come in intervals and does not generate power during calm periods
- Offshore wave energy devices can be a threat to navigation that cannot see or detect them by radar
- High power distribution costs to send the generated power from offshore devices to the land using long underwater cables
- They must be able to withstand forces of nature resulting in high capital, construction and maintenance costs

sources:
https://www.twig-world.com/film/marine-renewables-1337/
https://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/wave-energy/wave-energy.html

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Type: Renewable energy.

Description: Hydroelectricity is a process of producing power through the use of streaming or falling water. It is not capable of emitting greenhouse gases. A dam is a large, man-made structure built to contain some body of water. Dams blocking the rivers lead to severe social and environmental impacts.

Advantages: Renewable; source of clean energy; stable and reliable; requires low operating cost; matches current demand.

Disadvantages: Causes environmental damage; cost of building is expensive; may cause droughts; floods in lower areas; shortage of water supply.

Sources:
https://connectusfund.org/10-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-hydroelectricity
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Hydroelectric_dam#:~:text=A%20hydroelectric%20dam%20is%20one,river%20flow%20and%20regulate%20flooding.

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Type: clean, renewable source of energy

Description: Wind energy is a form of solar energy. Wind energy is the process by which wind is used to generate electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. A generator then converts mechanical power into electricity.

Advantages:
wind is a clean, renewable energy source, and is one of the most cost-effective sources for electricity. It has low operating costs and it leads to a creation of jobs

Disadvantages:
Wind turbines can be noisy and unappealing aesthetically
Can  adversely impact the physical environment around them(blades can harm and kill species that fly into them)
Wind power is also intermittent(turbines are reliant on weather) and therefore aren’t capable of generating electricity 24/7.

Sources:

https://cleanpower.org/facts/wind-power/
https://www.twig-world.com/film/the-wind-power-debate-1330/

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Conditioning, collecting, & exporting

Wind turbines produce DC power, which is converted to AC electricity by power converters and transferred to cables buried throughout the footprint of the wind farm. High-voltage electricity is then delivered to the utility scale power grid, which transmits it to homes, businesses, and other end-users.

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Conditioning, collecting, & exporting Wind turbines produce DC power, which is converted to AC electricity by power converters and transferred to cables buried throughout the footprint of the wind farm. High-voltage electricity is then delivered to the utility scale power grid, which transmits it to homes, businesses, and other end-users.

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Type: renewable

description:
the heat produced from the planet's magma produces heat energy. but can only be accessed where the crust is thin, where tectonic plates meet and where volcanic activity is high.
they pump cold water into the cold ground and pressure build forcing the heated water which is now steam turning turbines creating electricity.

advantages:
Geothermal power stations emit 2000 times less carbon dioxide than fossil fuel power plants.
Sustainable / Stable
No Fuel Required
Rapid Evolution

disadvantages:
Gases are released into the atmosphere during digging.
Geothermal energy runs the risk of triggering earthquakes.