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1.	What were the regional trade patterns and why were they important? 

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1.	What were the regional trade patterns and why were they important? 

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Traditional trade patterns linking Europe with Asia and Africa:
• Silk Routes across Asia to the Mediterranean basin
• Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean
• Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa
• Northern European links with the Black Sea
• Western European sea and river trade
• South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

Importance of trade patterns:
• Exchange of products and ideas

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2.	What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia? 

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2.	What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia? 

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Americas:
• Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America
• Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires
• Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America
• Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved
• Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries

Africa:
• European trading posts along the coast
• Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources

Asia:
• Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)
• Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British

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3.	What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?

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3.	What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?

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Columbian Exchange:
• Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles.
• European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.
• European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians.

Impact of the Columbian Exchange:
• Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.
• Slavery was based on race.
• European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment.

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4.	What were the roles of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism in the growth of European nations? 

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4.	What were the roles of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism in the growth of European nations? 

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Terms to know:
• mercantilism: An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

Commercial Revolution:
• European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources.
• A new economic system emerged:
– New money and banking systems were created.
– Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved.
– Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.

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5.	What was the triangular trade? What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas?

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5.	What was the triangular trade? What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas?

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The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded.

Export of precious metals:
• Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia
• Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas
• Impact on Spain and international trade

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6.	How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? 

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6.	How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? 

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China:
• Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade
• Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade
• Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain)

Japan:
• Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a military leader (shogun)
• Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences

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Vocab 1-Line of Demarcation (Treaty of Tordesillas)

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Vocab 1-Line of Demarcation (Treaty of Tordesillas)

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Boundary Line in the mid Atlantic created by pope Alexander VI that granted Spain control over everything west of the line and Portugal control of everything east of it. The line was late moved further west to give Portugal more territory in the Americas which would soon become known as Brazil.

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governmental grants

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An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

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A tax on an import

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land granted by Spain to American settlers which also includes the right to have Native Americans work on that land