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English Literacy Development: Supporting ELLs with Limited Prior Schooling

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- An English language learner (ELL) is a student

- English as a Second Language (ESL ) is a program for English language learners who have had educational opportunities

- English Literacy Development (ELD) is a program for ELLs who have had limited opportunities to develop literacy skills

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Build on student knowledge and experience by using student-created texts with photos or illustrations that can also be transformed into dual language books

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It is essential to begin with their strength of spoken language

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Pictures are very engaging and less daunting than written texts

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Provide opportunities for students to use their first language

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Guided reading allows teachers to provide explicit teaching focused on developing fluency, reading comprehension and language skills

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Students with significant gaps in their formal schooling may need 10 years or more to acquire academic language proficiency

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- Oral language is the foundation of literacy

- Children learn to talk long before they begin to learn to read and write

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Careful listeners may repeat what they think they have heard or turn it into a question, prompting the ELL to rethink and self-correct

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Respect the silent period

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Be aware of your mode of speech - speak naturally, and only slightly more slowly, simplify vocabulary and sentence structure, use gestures, be careful using expressions/sayings

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Provide supportive feedback - it is best to provide indirect feedback by modelling the correct form