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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1-9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).

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Unfortunately, over 30 countries lost citizens resulting from the impact of the tsunami.

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When the news broke out that the over 15 countries were hit was a catastrophic earthquake and tsunami, instantly people all over the world wanted to help. Although, there were many challenges that prevented the success of restoring the land regions and families affected. One of the major obstacles these countries faced was their overpopulation. When the tsunami hit and the word got out of the disasters, it was a challenge for the "involvement of 30 independent national disaster victim identification teams because it placed a strain on the command structure and process and the necessity to standardize the victim identification process". The death toll was so high, it was hard for emergency response teams to focus on every individual family and victim that was lost or missing.

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In the following statement it says that "the management response to earthquake disasters usually falls short of people's expectations". This sort of opinion typically emanates from a group that was affected by a natural disaster and was not given the proper help and resources to rebuild and clean up.

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Many countries affected by the wave were facing waves as big as 30 meters tall. the impact of the tsunami was so intense that many villages and small cities were completely permanently removed. However, since the time of the 2004 earthquake and tsunami, there have been many technological advances regarding the predictions of tectonic shifts and hazards. These technologies such as improved seismographs and  deep ocean sensors can be very significant when measuring how many lives can be saved. It became apparent that "the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) began organizing a multinational initiative to develop a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean. Less than two years after the 2004 event, the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS) was capable of transmitting tsunamogenic earthquake advisories". By 2013, almost 10 years after the disaster, almost 30 countries became fully functional with new tectonic technology that will predict tsunamis and improve their chances of survival.

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Map of tsunami and earthquake affecting the surrounding areas

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Map of tsunami and earthquake affecting the surrounding areas

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In 2004, the response to the disasters began almost immediately after the first few waves hit coastlines. There are many aspects of management response that are way more effective than other response crews. On the day of the disasters, the emergency response crews had already began trying to save the lives of those who were close to "drowning, on higher grounds, and stuck under debris". They were also using non- damaged buildings as shelters and staging areas. These kinds of contributions that were incorporated in situations such as the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, are why management response crews can prove to be more vital and effective than any other resources.

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When the time of the tsunami and earthquake took place, many were frustrated of the amount of devastation that occurred that day in those countries affected. However, many were not aware that the people living in those countries such as Thailand, did not expect the disasters outcome to be so bad. However, there were not many case studies that argued the concept that the aid efforts fell short of peoples expectations. When tragedy struck the Indian Ocean coastlines, they received copious amounts of emotional and physical support on a global scale. Many countries across the world sent food and supplies to help make up for the destruction that took place in the disaster zones. This kind of support slowly helped restore the families that were affected.

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It was considered that the fore shock happened two years prior to the main shock. The fore shock was titled as the 2002 Sumatra Earthquake. After the earthquake and Tsunami took place, many countries along the coastline were affected with aftershocks and would continue to  experience this many years later. This is evident because some countries like "Indonesia sits along the Pacific Ring of Fire, the seismically active fault line known for producing some of the strongest earthquakes in history", and they continue to be susceptible to minor shocks since the time of 2004.

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The earthquake was initially considered to have a magnitude of 8.8. In the following year in February, the earthquake was revised to have a magnitude of a 9.1 to either a 9.3 for the size of this earthquake.

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When other coast guards were alerted of the earthquake and the possibility of a formation of tsunamis, they were not able to contact any coastlines around the India Ocean. The countries that were in the impact zone were not told of the tsunami since they did not have the proper technology to do so. However, even if they did know that the tsunami was going to hit, they did not anticipate how devastating the  wave would be. This is why it was so devastating.

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What reasons are usually put forward that help explain why aid efforts sometimes fail to achieve their objectives?

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What reasons are usually put forward that help explain why aid efforts sometimes fail to achieve their objectives?

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There are many reasons that are put forward to defend why aid efforts fail to achieve their objectives. For instances, they might suggest that they did not have enough support from big organizations to fund them and help contribute to the countries who were affected. Another reason might be that there was so much destruction and devastation that impacted specif countries, that they are not able to raise enough funds to help repair where the wave destroyed the most. Many streets were flooded with countless amounts of debris and it would take years to clean up and rebuild again.

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An earthquake occurred in the morning of December 26 at approximately 7:58 off of the coast of Sumatra. The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.1 and a maximum Mercaili intensity of IX, which is violent. This lead to the "the undersea megathrust earthquake to caused  the Indian Plate to subduct by the Burma Plate". This caused a series of deadly tsunamis to crash and flood countries along the coastline of the Indian ocean.

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The 2004 tsunami also know as the "boxing day tsunami", left over 500,000 people homeless and stuck 14 different countries on the coastline along the Indian ocean. The damage cost a mere 15 million dollars to repair and salvage the countries stuck by the wave.

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Over 500,000 people were injured. 226,000 people died. This includes 166,000 in Indonesia, 38,000 Sri Lanka, 16,000 in India, 5300 in Thailand and 5000 foreign tourist.

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On December 26, 2004, an earthquake took place under the Indian ocean. This  caused a tsunami that was as powerful as the energy of 23,000 Hiroshima-type atomic bombs.

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The epicenter of the earthquake was a 9.0, that caused one of the worlds strongest tsunami to form and hit various parts of the coastlines of Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and many more.

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Before the devastation that took on December 6 2004, there was no technology put into place to predict and warn civilians of disasters that might becoming their way. Because of this, the death toll was so high because there was not the proper technology put in place such as "seismographs, deep ocean sensors, high-tech buoys, and communication systems" to warn people. Today,  the Indian ocean coastline has introduced a 450 million dollar tsunami detection system. This includes  "140 seismometers, about 100 sea-level gauges and several buoys that detect tsunamis" , which will help assure to predict further tsunamis that might form. They have also conducted a series of emergency response plans to ensure their readiness for the next disasters that might hit them in the near future. Now, the countries from South Asia and East Africa that were stuck with tragedy 13 years ago, are readier than ever to combat any kinds of natural disasters.

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The earthquake that took place in the Indian ocean was considered to be the fourth largest earthquake in recent times.

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As though many were swept away with the flooding of the wave and debris. Fortunately, some were able to escape if they knew the their geography. Meaning if they knew that the tide was going to recede back into the tide, this information encouraged tourist and local civilians to climb to higher grounds.

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Footage from the first sequence of waves in one of the countries impacted

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