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Waiting for Godot is  the most famous works of Samuel Beckett; it is also one of the most popular creations of the genre of the Theater of the Absurd.  In Beckett's theatre we're confronted with a static world, where things never change. This is emphasized  by the character's physical condition but also by the absence of plot. Other features of  the Theater of the Absurd are:
• No past or future, just a repetitive present (the absence of traditional time).
• Absurd exchanges, and linguistic stereotypes revealing the vacuity of set phrases.
• Use of non-verbal language (mime, silences, circus-like gags)

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KEY POINTS
• He was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, Dublin.
• He was lecturer at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris.
•He joined the French Resistance during WWII
• He was the father of the Theatre of the Absurd.
• He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969.
•Beckett's philosophy of life is close to French Existentialism: there is no meaning to life at all; our lives are devoid of any purpose, in a totally absurd and indifferent universe.

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This is the first poem of Spoon River Anthology adapted and put to music
(in Italy, by Fabrizio de Andrè)

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Dormono Sulla Collina - Fabrizio De Andrè

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 Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters

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 Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters

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Edgar Lee Masters was fascinated by the lives led by common people in the small towns of the Midwest, and in 1914 he began to write the poems (all in the form of first-person monologues) that make up his Spoon River Anthology. These poems are self-spoken epitaphs of the citizens buried in an Illinois cemetery, and build up a picture of a community whose voices combine to create a disillusioned 'human comedy'.

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Jack Kerouac’s On the road focuses on a serious of trips across America. Revise what you have studied and consider how many travelers and kinds of journeys you have read about. Also refer to the topic Travels real and fictitious Volume 1. Bright a 500-word essay

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Writer, translator and journalist for the "Corriere", she introduced Italy to the great American fiction.

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Jack Kerouac, interviewed by William F. Buckley Jr. from a documentary on the soul of the Beat Generation

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Jack Kerouac, Interview (doc, subtitled in italian)

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Kerouac's most famous novel, On the Road, is the story of a journey through America coast to coast, as well as a celebration of the unconventional lifestyle of the Beat Generation, Kerouac had started travelling with Neal Cassady while working on the novel. In his attempt to write about these wild trips across the country he had begun experimenting with new, freer forms of writing which were partly inspired by the spontaneous, colloquial prose he found in Cassady's letters. At first the result of this experiment was not much appreciated by publishers, and the novel appeared in print only seven years after it was written, soon becoming a tremendously popular success.

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IFC Films & Sundance Selects present an MK2 and American Zoetrope Production: ON THE ROAD, Jack Kerouac's generation defining classic. After his father's death in the late 1940s, 24-year-old aspiring writer Sal Paradise meets 20-year-old ex-jailbird Dan Moriarty and his beautiful wife Marylou in New York.

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Key points
• He was born in Massachusetts into a French-Canadian family.
• In New York he made friends with Ginsberg.
• He became the leader of the Beat Generation but found it difficult to live up to his new public image.
• He advocated natural, spontaneous feelings (friendship, love of nature) as opposed to social requirements.

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My summary of "the Beat generation" from Wikipedia

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The Beat Generation was a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-war era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. The central elements of Beat culture are the rejection of standard narrative values, making a spiritual quest, the exploration of American and Eastern religions, the rejection of economic materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration.

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"Young and Beautiful" is one of my favourite song, used for the soundtrack to the drama film “The Great Gatsby” (2013)

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The Great Gatsby - Young and Beautiful (Music Video)

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The best example of American jazz age, is The Great Gatsby (1925), a novel which in some ways resembles Fitzgerald's own life. It is about the failure of the so-called American dream, exemplified by the story of the protagonist: Jay Gatsby, a self-made man.

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The Great Gatsby - Official Trailer #1 [HD]

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Francis Scott Fitzgerald  achieved early fame with his novels, which draw a vivid picture of the glamorous new generation of young Americans.
Fitzgerald's special qualities as a writer include a brilliant style perfectly suited to his main theme: the brilliant though neurotic lifestyle of the American Jazz Age.

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A Farewell to Arms              | Book 1, Chapter 9 |  

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A Farewell to Arms              | Book 1, Chapter 9 |  

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The men are hungry, so Henry and Gordini bring back cold macaroni and a quarter of a block of cheese. As the men huddle in the dugout, eating pasta with their hands, a trench mortar explodes. The blast blows off Passini's legs and terribly wounds Henry's. Despite Henry's heroic efforts to save him, Passini dies. The other two drivers find Henry and clumsily transport him to the dressing station. In the ambulance on the way to the hospital, the soldier on a stretcher above Henry bleeds out, the blood pouring through the bed and onto Henry's clothes.

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After taking part in World War I, Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) went to live in Paris where met the American expatriate writers. Gertrude Stein, in particular, influenced his clear, concentrated prose style. His novel Fiesta (1926)
-about a group of Americans in Paris, typical examples of the Lost Generation – made him famous. Most of his writing is based on personal experience: Hemingway was a spokesman for his generation, but instead of painting its fatal glamour as did Fitzgerald, he wrote of war, death, and the lost generation' of cynical survivors: his characters are deeply scarred and disillusioned by life.

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The dominant tone of the American novel in the 1920s and 1930s was thus a mood of disillusionment and dislocation caused by the trauma of World War I. But it was also characterized by the lively new
features of American life: jazz, the automobile, the rise of the movie, the age of psychoanalysis and the excitement of city life. Many of the writers of the 1920s went to Paris, which for a certain period became virtually the centre of American literature.

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In the years between 1920 and 1930 a strong literary movement of black writere developed, called the Harlem Renaissance because many of these writers were then living in Harlem, New York.
Langston Hughes  was considered the "bard of Harlem. In 1926 his collection of poems, The Weary Blues, was published in which he uses the speech of the common black people, the rhythms of jazz and the blues to sing about themes like life in the black ghettoes and racial discrimination. His poeme are often strongly humorous and satirical

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(download the ppt)

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The 18th Amendment had banned the sale, transportation and manufacture of alcohol in America. But it was clear to some, that millions neither wanted this law nor would respect it. There was obviously a huge market for what in the 1920’s was an illegal commodity. It was the gangsters who dominated various cities who provided this commodity. Each major city had its gangster element but the most famous was Chicago with Al Capone.

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Traditionalist Americans (the so-called WASPS: White Anglo-Saxon Protestants) wanted to control social and individual behaviour according to a model of white small-town virtues: work ethic, social conformity, duty and rectability.However, against this old vision of life new groups-immigrants, youth, women, black people and artists - started making the case for different lifestyles. The 1920s, also called the Jazz Age, marked a definite period of struggle over issues such as individual freedom, social permissiveness, the pursuit of pleasure and progress.

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Compare Hemingway's description of the bomb explosion to the gas attack in DULCE ET DECORUM EST by the poet W.Owen as regards the soldier's mood, his attitude to war, the imagery and the message.you can focus your analysis starting from " I believe we should get the war over"...... " Oh God, I said, get me out of there

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Compare Hemingway's description of the bomb explosion to the gas attack in DULCE ET DECORUM EST by the poet W.Owen as regards the soldier's mood, his attitude to war, the imagery and the message.you can focus your analysis starting from " I believe we should get the war over"...... " Oh God, I said, get me out of there

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DULCE ET DECORUM EST

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In World War I for the first time in history women began to play an active role both at home, in the civilian work force, and at the front. The new weapons created by modern technology-tanks, airplanes, submarines, bombs of unprecedented power – needed a constant industrial supply, and with- the men at the front their place in the factories had to be taken by women production was to continue. Women did their jobs as well as men, and when the war was over they began to ask for full recognition and equality, in terms of wages and the right to vote. At the same time, thousands of women also enlisted in . the army: they did not fight but they took on supporting roles, as nurses especially.

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THE WRITER AND HIS WORK: (GLORY OF WOMEN)

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THE WRITER AND HIS WORK: (THE SOLDIER)

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MY SUMMARY

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Virginia Woolf herself writing
Mrs Dalloway in 1923 and struggling
with her own mental illness.

Mrs Laura Brown, who is reading Mrs Dalloway
in 1949.

Clarissa Vaughan, who plans a party in 2001 to
celebrate a major literary award received by her
good friend and former lover, the poet Richard, who
is dying of an AIDS-related illness.

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‘The Hours’ is a 2002 film,directed by Stephen Daldry, based on the homonymous novel by Michael Cunningham.

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‘The Hours’ is a 2002 film,directed by Stephen Daldry, based on the homonymous novel by Michael Cunningham.

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The Hours is the story of three generations
of women affected by Virginia Woolf’s novel
Mrs Dalloway

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The Hours (2002) Official Trailer # 1 - Nicole Kidman HD

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Key points
• Her house in London was a center for the Bloomsbury Group.
•She wrote novels characterized by the 'stream-of- consciousness' technique.
• She described the difference between the 'time of the clock' and "time of the mind '.
• She was a strong supporter of female emancipation.

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KEY POINTS
-The events of an ordinary life seen from the inside of the character's mind.
-Ancient myth as a structure for the modern novel.
-Lack of heroism, love and trust in the modern world.
- 'Stream-of-consciousness' technique.

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Key points.
• He was born in Dublin into a middle-class Catholic family.
•He left Ireland in voluntary exile, living in Trieste and Paris.
•He wrote works centered on Ireland and, more specifically, on the Dublin he knew.
•Life in Dublin seen as 'paralysis'.
• Four stages in life: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life.
• A style both realistic and symbolic.

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the Truman Show and 1984 developed a dystopian world in which your every move is monitored. The Truman Show contains hidden cameras in every conceivable location, whereas in 1984, each apartment was set up so that a single monitoring device could monitor the entire apartment

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The Truman Show (9/9) Movie CLIP - Truman Talks to the Creator (1998) HD

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“All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others”

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Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950),better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and essayist, journalist and critic.His work is characterised by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism. He was a novelist, essayist and critic best known for his novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. He was a man of strong opinions who addressed some of the major political movements of his times, including imperialism, fascism and communism.

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Missing part of the text in the book.
"The Burial of the Dead" is the first section of the poem (lines 1-76).  It prepares the way for the development of the whole poem and it introduces all the images of The Waste Land and its main themes: death and rebirth.  The title this section particularly stresses the sense of all-enclosing death, prevalent in the first part.  It opens with the coming of spring as a 'cruel thing'.  The fundamental contrast - aridity / fertility - is thus established from the beginning, in a series images and scenes which describe a fragmented and sterile world.  These culminate in the London crowd crossing London Bridge on a foggy winter morning, looking like the souls of the damned in Dante's Inferno.

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Considered one of the twentieth century's major poets, Eliot attracted widespread attention for his poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915), which was seen as a masterpiece of the Modernist movement. It was followed by some of the best-known poems in the English language, including The Waste Land (1922).He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948

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Salman Rushdie FRSL (born 19 June 1947) is a British Indian novelist and essayist.] His second novel, Midnight's Children (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be "the best novel of all winners" on two separate occasions, marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize. Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent. He combines magical realism with historical fiction; his work is concerned with the many connections, disruptions, and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations.

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Salman Rushdie interview- Midnight's Children

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It is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling. The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road.

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RUDYARD KIPLING AS THE TRUE VOICE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE

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It is a novel by English author E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. It was selected as one of the 100 great works of 20th century English literature by the Modern Library and won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction.time magazined included the novel in its "All Time 100 Novels" list.The novel is based on Forster's experiences in India, deriving the title from Walt Whitman's 1870 poem "Passage to India" in Leaves of Grass.

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Edward Morgan Forster  (1 January 1879 – 7 June 1970) was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist. Many of his novels examine class difference and hypocrisy, including A Room with a View (1908), Howards End (1910) and A Passage to India (1924). The last brought him his greatest success.

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This Romance is a work of historical fiction by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850. Set in Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne who conceives a daughter through an affair and then struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Containing a number of religious and historic allusions, the book explores themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.

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The protagonists of this popular poem are all the categories of American workers who are trying to build a better society and to bring the American dream to life.

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Robin Williams  "Oh Captain, My Captain"

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Robin Williams  "Oh Captain, My Captain"

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Walt Whitman wrote the poem about the emotional wave caused by the news of the murder of Abraham Lincoln (the attack occurred on the evening of April 14, 1865).  Metaphorical references to this historical event are repeated throughout the poem: the "ship" we are talking about wants to represent the United States of America, while the tremendous journey ("fearful trip") recalls the difficulties of the war  of American seasnon secession;  the captain of the ship ("Captain"), who dies on the bridge after having led her to victorious port and who gives the title to the elegy, is Lincoln. With a metric and conventional rhyme scheme, which is unusual for Whitman,  O captain!  My captain!  it was the only poetry anthologized during his life.  It consists of three rooms or stanzas of eight verses: the first four are rhymed kissed two by two and the other four, which constitute a sort of refrain, remain the sixth and eighth.

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Dead Poets Society | Oh Captain, My Captain

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Key points
• He was born in New York.
• He had little formal education and did several jobs while travelling throughout the US.
• He collected his life's poems in Leaves of Grass (1855).
• He is regarded as the father of American poetry and the creator of free verse.
• An enthusiastic celebration of the American land and its people (I Hear America Singing).
• A late Romantic glorification of the self.

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My favorites adaptation:

(2009) Directed by Oliver Parker; screenplay by Toby Finlay. Starring Ben Barnes as Dorian Gray; Ben Chaplin as Basil Hallward; Colin Firth as Henry Wotton.

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 “10 things you should know about The Picture of Dorian Gray” 

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 “10 things you should know about The Picture of Dorian Gray” 

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Life
Influences
Setting
Plot
Characters
Values and themes
Popularity and adaptation

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Top 10 Notes: The Picture of Dorian Gray

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Oscar Wilde’s De Profundis – one of the greatest love letters ever written

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Oscar Wilde’s De Profundis – one of the greatest love letters ever written

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Written towards the end of Wilde’s incarceration, De Profundis is bitter, seductive, hurt and passionate. Ahead of a public reading, Colm Tóibín visits the cell in which Wilde put pen to paper

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Early in 1895, while facing charges of indecency and wondering if he should abscond to France, Oscar Wilde had no idea what a two-year prison sentence would mean for him. Wilde's misfortune was to serve his sentence just before prison conditions were officially changed by the 1898 Prison Act.

In total isolation, first in Pentonville and Wandsworth, and then in Reading gaol, to which he was moved in November 1895, Wilde slept on a plank bed with no mattress. Allowed one hour's exercise a day, he walked in single file in the yard with other prisoners but he was not allowed to communicate with them. He could not sleep, he was permanently hungry and he suffered from dysentery. For the first month, Wilde was tied to a treadmill six hours a day, making an ascent, as it were, of 6,000 feet each day, with five minutes' rest after every 20 minutes. Towards the end of his sentence, the governor of the jail, Major Nelson, remarked to Wilde's friend Robert Ross: "He looks well. But like all men unused to manual labour who receive a sentence of this kind, he will be dead within two years." Wilde was later to praise Nelson, who had arrived at Reading in July 1896, as "the most Christlike man I ever met". Nelson was more liberal than his predecessor and was ready to relax the rules.

In January 1897, when Wilde still had more than four months still to serve, he and Nelson came up with an ingenious idea. While nothing in the prison regulations allowed prisoners to write plays or novels or essays, inmates had permission to write letters. Under the previous regime, Wilde had written to solicitors and the Home Office, or in limited quantities to friends, but his letters were inspected and the writing materials removed as he finished. But the regulations did not specify how long a letter should be. And if a letter were not finished, then the prisoner, it was supposed, could be allowed take it with him when he left the prison.

Thus Wilde, alone in his cell, was given pen and ink every day. What he wrote was removed each evening and then, it seems, handed back to him in the morning, or parts were given back to him to revise. Since "De Profundis" was in the form of a long letter, it would be his property when he was free. It took him three months, with much revision.

Wilde addressed his letter to Lord Alfred Douglas. On his release, he handed the manuscript to Ross, who had two typed copies made, one of which he sent to Douglas. In 1905 Ross published extracts from the text, and a fuller version in 1908. The complete version, however, was not published until 1949.

By the time he wrote "De Profundis", Wilde's love for Douglas had turned into a sort of bitterness, and the tone of his long letter manages to capture that bitterness as well as the extraordinary attachment he felt for Douglas. "De Profundis", it should be said, is neither fair minded nor consistent; it is, at times, bloated in its comparisons and its rhetoric. (Wilde, for example, compares himself to Christ.) But there is also a beautiful, calm eloquence, and a sense of urgency, of things being said because there might not be time or opportunity to say them in the future.

Wilde's old skill at paradox and phrase making was not there now merely to amuse his audience or mock his betters, but rather to kill his own pain and grief and attempt to communicate passionately and fiercely with his lover. He wrote not as art now, but as desperately serious matter.

"The only beautiful things," his character Vivian had told us in "The Decay of Lying", which Wilde wrote in 1890, "are the things that do not concern us." Seven years later, in his cry from the depths, he wrote of what most deeply concerned him: "If there be one single passage that brings tears to the eyes, weep as we weep in prison when the day no less than the night is set apart for tears." And then, in what is perhaps the most shocking sentence in the whole letter, he wrote: "The supreme vice is shallowness." Once upon a time it would have been, for him, the supreme virtue.

Wilde accused Douglas of distracting him from his art, of spending his money, of degrading him ethically, of constant scene-making, of deliberately and then thoughtlessly mistreating him. He went over Douglas's bad behaviour in matters large and petty, often citing dates and places and details. The tone was fluent and sweeping, full of carefully controlled cadence and measured elegance. But the difference between this tone and Wilde's carefully nurtured flippancy was astonishing. It was like a tenor becoming a baritone, with a new range and depth and a new attention to feeling, but the old skills and tricks with pitch and paradox still in place, despite his circumstances, or perhaps because of them.

The letter cannot be read for its accurate account of their relationship, nor taken at its word. While some of the accusations are true, others are petty and foolish. But that is not the point. "De Profundis" has neither the informality of a personal letter nor the distilled sound of a piece of imaginative writing. Its seductive, hurt and passionate tone places it in a category of its own. In all its urgency and ambiguous eloquence, it remains one of the greatest and most complex love letters ever written.

It is fascinating to witness the change that came over Wilde's imaginative procedures as he wrote. In the dim light of the prison cell and with the memory of his suffering fresh, it was as though he sought a new sort of tension between breathlessness and breath-control. He wrote long and highly wrought sentences, loving lists of adjectives and clever, Latinate diction and elaborate punctuation. To be followed by a pure, plain statement, full of the clipped sharp tone of the Anglo-Saxon.

"Of course I should have got rid of you," he wrote. The reader will want to know why he did not, and part of the power of the text comes from our knowledge that, once Wilde was released, despite all his bitter feeling, he and Douglas attempted to live together again and resume their relationship, to the horror of both Douglas's family and Wilde's wife.

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Colm Tóibín in the cell of Reading prison where De Profundis was written.

Until three years ago, Reading gaol, where Wilde served most of his sentence, was used as a place of incarceration for young offenders. The cells still have bunk beds, a small table and two seats riveted into the wall, and then, closer to the small window, a flush toilet hidden from view. The four corridors that make up each floor radiate from a central vantage point. Thus it is possible for one single member of staff to note any movement in the four corridors.

While the creepy cell interiors bear all the hallmarks of recent use, the corridors and the general atmosphere in the prison, which was built in 1844, make it easy to imagine what it might have been like for Wilde in 1895.

The place where floggings happened, for example, which Wilde evoked with such passionate shock in his letters to the Daily Chronicle on his release, is close to the yard where the prisoners could exercise, close enough for the victim's howls to be heard, as Wilde heard them in 1897. The cells that were used to house those condemned to death, evoked by Wilde in The Ballad of Reading Gaol, can still be visited. They are still part of the essential fabric of the place.

Wilde was not prepared for prison, and did not, in his heyday, dream that he would spend two years in jail. In "The Decay of Lying", he had mocked the writer Charles Reade for "a foolish attempt to be modern, to draw public opinion to the state of our convict prisons". In 1882, during a tour of America, when he visited a penitentiary in Nebraska, he wrote about the prisoners: "They were all mean looking, which consoled me, for I should hate to see a criminal with a noble face."

When he found that a prisoner due to be hanged in Nebraska was reading a novel by Charlotte M Yonge called The Heir of Redclyffe, Wilde remarked: "My heart was turned by the eyes of the doomed man, but if he reads The Heir of Redclyffe it's perhaps as well to let the law take its course." But when he found a volume by Dante in another cell, he wrote: "Strange and beautiful it seemed to me that the sorrow of a single Florentine in exile should, hundreds of years afterwards, lighten the sorrow of some common prisoner in a modern gaol."

The cell where Wilde wrote "De Profundis" is filled with a sense of those who recently suffered there, but the view of the sky from the small window and the heaviness of the door as it closes behind you bring back how one of the great spirits of his age was broken in body and soul in this space, and then restored to some dark approximation of life by being given pen and paper so that he too could lighten his sorrow, or make it matter more, by producing something as strange and beautiful as "De Profundis".

* An exhibition, Inside - Artists and Writers in Reading Prison, is at the prison from 4 September to 30 October. Colm Tóibín will read "De Profundis" in its entirety on 16 October. artangel.org.uk/inside.
Topics

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Oscar Wilde's De Profundis - one of the greatest love letters ever written

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Early in 1895, while facing charges of indecency and wondering if he should abscond to France, Oscar Wilde had no idea what a two-year prison sentence would mean for him. Wilde's misfortune was to serve his sentence just before prison conditions were officially changed by the 1898 Prison Act.

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Author, playwright and poet Oscar Wilde was a popular literary figure in late Victorian England. After graduating from Oxford University, he lectured as a poet, art critic and a leading proponent of the principles of aestheticism. In 1891, he published The Picture of Dorian Gray, his only novel which was panned as immoral by Victorian critics, but is now considered one of his most notable works. As a dramatist, many of Wilde’s plays were well received including his satirical comedies Lady Windermere's Fan (1892), A Woman of No Importance (1893), An Ideal Husband (1895) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), his most famous play. Unconventional in his writing and life, Wilde’s affair with a young man led to his arrest on charges of "gross indecency" in 1895. He was imprisoned for two years and died in poverty three years after his release at the age of 46.

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watching the different trailers i think this is my favourite cinematic adaptations of the novel  i find this the most impressive  because
focused on the figure of

Victor Frankenstein .

Also for me this film has the best cast

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Victor Frankenstein | Official Trailer [HD] | 20th Century FOX

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My favourite scene from Kenneth Branagh’s movie Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1994 ) 

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My favourite scene from Kenneth Branagh’s movie Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1994 ) 

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This is my favourite scene from Kenneth Branagh’s movie Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1994 ) because for the first time Frankenstein (interpreted by Robert de Niro) was accepted. The blind man is
the only one that didn't run away despite he understood (with the help of his hand) that Frankenstein had the aspect of a monster. Also this scene shows that Frankenstein felt emotions,in fact in the end it started to cry. So we can understand that behind his physical appearance beat a heart that only wanted to make friends.

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This is the latest movie MARY SHELLEY (2017)

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This is the latest movie MARY SHELLEY (2017)

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This is the latest movie MARY SHELLEY (2017) on the life of this outstanding writer is by the female director Haifaa Al Mansour – the first female filmmaker in Saudi Arabia

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MARY SHELLEY Official Trailer (2018) Elle Fanning, Maisie Williams Movie HD

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Video SparkNotes: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein summary

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Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus - Extra Sci Fi - #1

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Everything you need to know to read Frankenstein

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Everything you need to know to read Frankenstein

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In the eighteenth century, a young pregnant girl who had recently eloped with an older married man sat down to write one of the greatest literary masterpieces. Smart, daring and dogged by tragedy, Mary Shelley is a fascinating figure (particularly in an era dominated by men). Learn more about the author at "Mary Shelley Lived a Life as Dark as her Books."
To learn more about Mary's subversive genealogy check out this article on her mother, the "mother of feminism"

In Frankenstein, different strands of thought about art, myth science and family are woven together. And it all started with the bang of a volcano! To learn more about the "Year without a Summer," watch the TED-Ed lesson on Mount Tambora: The colossal consequences of supervolcanoes. To learn more about the Romantics and their pursuit of the sublime, visit this site for a timeline and definitions. If you're intrigued by the critical reading of Frankenstein as a "birth myth", you can read Ellen Moer's article on the " Female Gothic."

In an eerie real-life parallel to her masterpiece, Mary was born during a thunderstorm (in the book, the monster is electrocuted to life). At the time of her writing, the concept of Galvanism would have been well-known. Galvanism studies the electrical patterns in the body, and its founder Luigi Galvani embarked on many experiments that electrified animals in order to reanimate them. This bears marked resemblance to Dr. Frankenstein's reanimation of dead matter, and indicates Shelley's engagement with popular scientific theories in her creation of what is now considered one of the first works of science fiction. Read more about her relationship to science here, and here.

How many forms do we see Frankenstein's monster crop up in adaptation and popular culture? Some of the most interesting examples are discussed in this article.

You can check out more work from the sound design team here.

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Everything you need to know to read "Frankenstein" - Iseult Gillespie

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In 1815, Lord Byron proposed a challenge to a few literary guests he had gathered in his house on Lake Geneva: Who could write the most chilling ghost story? This question sparked an idea in eighteen-year-old Mary Shelley who, over the next few months, crafted the story of "Frankenstein."

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Mary Shelley, the writer of Frankenstein and wife of the romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Two hundred years ago, on 1 January 1818, the novel Frankenstein was first published. Mary Shelley had conceived the novel two years previously, when she was 18 years old, just like... you, while spending the summer in Switzerland with P.B.Shelley & Lord Byron. The weather was unusually cold and miserable because of an extraordinary event: half a world away, in Indonesia, the volcano Tambora had erupted. It was the largest volcanic eruption in human history. The ash and gas spewed by the volcano blocked the sun’s rays and cooled temperatures around the globe. Mary and her friends found the weather that year, which came to be known as ‘the year without summer’, to be perfect for sitting indoors and reading ghost stories. So they decided that each of them should write one. One night, a vision struck her imagination: in it she saw a crazy scientist giving life to a monstrous creature. Mary’s vision became the novel Frankenstein. a ppt about M. Shelley'sFrankenstein

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Balcony scene from Romeo & Juliet - YouTube

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Balcony scene from Romeo & Juliet - YouTube

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My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like The Sun; Read by Alan Rickman

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I choose this one because i think in the same way that literature is a form of art that produce feelings and in a extraordinary way we can travel with our immagination between the different stories all it's realised with ordinary words

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Literature for me is a new world of experience that represents writer and their personal work (such as novels, poems stories ecc...) attributed to their creative immagination, feelings and thoughts. This world includes the discovery of different cultures and faraway places. My expectations from this course are two: firstly expand my vocabulary to improve writing and exposure skills and secondly i hope opening my mind with the meaning of the message author.