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I like the spray paint cans and the repetition

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I like the color and repetition in this photograph

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I like the color and values in the image. I like how it is repetition but not exactly the same

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I would use this for my piano keys photographs

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Digital Retouching: Vintage Filter in Adobe Photoshop (3 Easy Steps) - NowPhotoshop

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Learn how to get a pro Vintage Look in just 3 simple steps! Light Leakes: http://thenowphotoshop.blogspot.com.ar/2012/04/texturas-light-leaks.html

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I like the vintage lighting and simplicty.

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I like the light on the keys and the simplicity of the image.

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I like the description in this video

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I really like the shape and pattern in this one. The color pop as well.

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Shell Photography. 13x19 photo. art, blue, orange, sea shells, nautilus, ocean, nature, large print, geometric, modern, loft, decor. $39.00, via Etsy.

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I like the emotion and happiness.

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"Baby 186536" is an awesome wallpapers presented here by Naomi Mor at the top resolution of 2915x2000px and size of 766.11 KB. More of such great image you always can find at the Misc category or with our "Related walls" widget. Upload date - 05 April 2015

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I like the contarst and values of the picture. The simplicity is also nice.

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Image about girl in Inspiration by Katharina on We Heart It

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Discovered by Claudia. Find images and videos about girl, love and fashion on We Heart It - the app to get lost in what you love.

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I like the emotion in her face and the textures

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By Crawford Hollingworth & Liz Barker
Behavioural science has contributed much to the understanding of decision-making in the last few decades. We now understand how heuristics and biases can influence our thinking, perceptions, choices and behaviour. Yet, many of the frequently cited studies from behavioural science have been conducted on students, typically in their early twenties.

Consequently, people often ask whether these findings still hold in other generations:

Does our decision making process differ as we get older?

Do we become more or less 'rational'?

And if minds do differ, how does the 20 year old mind differ to the 70 or 80 year old mind?

Research on the ageing mind by psychologists including Ellen Peters, Laura Carstensen, Mara Mather, Yiwei Chen and Joseph Mikels is still in its infancy, but their initial conclusion is that there are significant differences between the younger and older mind. Analysis of cognitive decision-making in older people finds that key thinking processes change as we age, and that some cognitive biases and heuristics are often more prevalent in older people. Three key differences are outlined below:

1) The old rely more on System 1 thinking: From our 20s and early 30s onwards, our reasoning and deliberative capacity (known as fluid intelligence) declines with age, and although our knowledge and experience (or crystallised intelligence) increases with age to compensate, eventually this also starts to decline in our 70s, leading to an eventual downward trend in decision-making ability in later years.[1]

These cognitive declines are thought to occur due to a reduction in the integrity of brain connectivity; vascular damage in the brain - even in the healthiest of people - reduces the efficiency of white matter connectivity which then affects aspects such as working memory which are crucial for fluid intelligence.[2]

Therefore, day-to-day, older people tend to rely less on fluid intelligence and deliberative capacity and more on gut-feel, intuition, rules of thumb and shortcuts ( System 1 type decision-making) - things learned through experience and which can actually lead to equally effective decision making in areas they are familiar with. But it's also harder for them to ignore or sift through irrelevant information and their ability to absorb and process numeric information also declines. For example, when asked which numbers represented the biggest risk of getting a disease, 1 in 10, 1 in 100 or 1 in 1000, 29% of adults aged 65-94 could not answer correctly.[3] Reduced numeracy can mean older people are more prone to framing effects.

Ellen Peters, Professor of Psychology at Ohio State University believes that although older people are still capable of drawing on their fluid intelligence and the more deliberative processes of System 2, it takes more effort so they tend to save up precious cognitive resources for important decisions they care about which have significant consequences.

2) Older people are more affected by choice overload: The older we get the more difficult we tend to find it to navigate a proliferation of choice. So older people tend to prefer simple choices with minimal options and information that is succinct and pretty straightforward. An 85 year old retired engineer in the US trying to make her healthcare choices exclaimed:
"I'm 85, do I have to go through this nonsense? I'm trying to absorb all the information, but it's ridiculous. Not just ridiculous, it's scary. If there was a single card and it was administered by Medicare, and it got the cost of drugs down - wonderful, marvellous."[4]
Research supports this anecdote:

In a study by Andrew Reed, Joseph Mikels and Kosali Simon where participants were asked to make choices across domains of healthcare (prescription drug plans, physicians, and hospitals) and everyday decisions (cars, apartments or jams), older adults did not value choice as much as the young. Older adults tended to prefer half the number of options to younger adults and the very old (eg 80+ year olds) tended to prefer even less choice than people in their 60s and 70s.[5]

Other studies have found that the old have a greater tendency to defer decisions when faced with what they perceive as too much choice. Yiwei Chen and colleagues presented younger and older adults with a choice of four cars to buy, as well as the option to defer purchase or not make any decision to buy at that time. Older adults were both more likely to defer their decision and also did not experience negative emotions afterwards, such as regret or worry about not making a purchase.[6]

3) Older people are drawn to positive affect more: Affect and emotion play a much larger role in decision-making for older people. They have a greater tendency to focus on, seek out and remember positive emotional experiences and find positive information more salient whilst either not noticing or forgetting negative messages. This may mean they will be more influenced by positive frames than negative. There is also evidence that they are more affected by loss aversion.

Much of the research by Laura Carstensen and her colleagues illustrates this phenomenon. For example:

In one study, Laura Carstensen and Helene Fung found that, relative to their younger peers, older adults showed far greater preference for emotional advertisements relying on positive affect than others and tended to remember them better. Older people preferred airline slogans such as 'Take flight...your loved ones await' or 'Take flight...expand your horizons'. Notably they also demonstrated better recall of both the slogan and airline brand when these were framed positively.[7]

Another study testing picture recall for positive, neutral and negative images found that although the old remembered fewer pictures overall compared to younger participants, they tended to remember a greater proportion of positive pictures (such as a boy with his grandfather, or an affectionate couple) than negative pictures (such as a couple in a hospital or images of a plane crash), whereas the young tended to recall greater proportions of negative images.[8]

Older people's tendency to focus on the positive is thought to be related to the stage they have reached in life. Gone are the goal striving, purpose-seeking, horizon-expanding days of their youth. Instead they focus on what brings emotional satisfaction, either through meaningful relationships (such as grandchildren or friendships) or ways in which to savour life, because they perceive their life is nearer its end than its beginning - a phenomenon known as Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.[9]
Conclusion
The insights above highlight two things:

One, we need to continue to conduct cross-generational research to fully understand how our decision-making changes as we age. As behavioural science increasingly combines lab work with field research across mixed demographics, the potential for expanding our understanding is now much enhanced.

Two, any practitioner using behavioural insights is now able to draw on these existing insights to customise communications, user experience and behavioural interventions according to age, thereby optimising any intervention and increasing its likely efficacy.

In an era where older people are set to become an increasingly significant proportion of society, with different needs and abilities, moving beyond reliance on ageing stereotypes and making use of truly insightful knowledge and understanding will put us in good stead.
Notes: [1] This peak and decline in crystallised intelligence may now figure later in life as education levels, health and nutrition improve. A 2015 study at MIT and Harvard by Joshua Hartshorne and Laura Germine found that vocabulary tests revealed a peak in crystallised intelligence in people's late 60s or even early 70s. The same study also found that peaks in measures of fluid intelligence varied - some peaked early in life whilst others did not peak until age 40. See Hartshorne, Joshua K. & Laura T. Germine. (2015). When does cognitive functioning peak? The asynchronous rise and fall of different cognitive abilities across the lifespan. Psychological Science, 26(4), 433-443 and MIT News http://news.mit.edu/2015/brain-peaks-at-different-ages-0306 Logie, R.H., Morris, R.G. "Working memory and Ageing" Psychology Press, 2014, p xiv [3] Peters, E. "Aging-related changes in decision-making" in A. Drolet, N. Schwarz, & C. Yoon (Eds.), The Aging Consumer: Perspectives from Psychology and Economics, (pp 75-101). New York: Routledge; and Peters, E. at RAND 2009: http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF254.html#agingrelated-changes-in-decision-making [4] Leland J. 73 Options for Medicare Plan Fuel Chaos, Not Prescriptions. The New York Times, May 12, 2004. May 12, 2004. [5] Reed, A.E., Mikels, J., Simon, K. "Older Adults Prefer Less Choice than Younger Adults" Psychology and Aging. 2008 Sep; 23(3): 671-67 [6] Chen, Y. Ma, X., Pethtel, O., "Age Differences in Trade-Off Decisions: Older Adults Prefer Choice Deferral" Psychology and Aging. 2011 June; 26(2): 269-273 [7] Fung H.H., Carstensen L.L. "Sending memorable messages to the old: age differences in preferences and memory for advertisements." Journal Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Jul;85(1):163-78. [8] Turk, S., Mather, M., Carstensen, L.L., "Aging and Emotional Memory: The Forgettable Nature of Negative Images for Older Adults" Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2003, Vol. 132, No. 2, 310-324 [9] See the work of Laura Carstensen for more eg Carstensen, L. "A Long Bright Future: An Action Plan for a Lifetime of Happiness, Health, and Financial Security" 2011, PublicAffairs

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Three Behavioral Insights into the Aging Mind

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By Crawford Hollingworth & Liz Barker Behavioural science has contributed much to the understanding of decision-making in the last few decades. We now understand how heuristics and biases can influence our thinking, perceptions, choices and behaviour. Yet, many of the frequently cited studies from behavioural science have

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I like the bright color in her face

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With his stunning - and now viral - portraits of freckled folks, British photographer Brock Elbank tells TODAY.com his #Freckles project is all about "documenting the beauty in being an individual."

A 42-year-old London resident with 19 years of photography experience, Elbank launched his project in 2012, during a nine-year residency in Sydney, Australia. There he attended a soccer match and asked to take a picture of his friend's freckled son, Eddie. But just this month, Elbank's series has become a worldwide phenomenon through his Instagram and Tumblr accounts - as well as his positive message.

"Every human has beauty in their appearance in some shape or form," he told TODAY.com via email Tuesday. "Society doesn't like different. But unique-looking individuals is what makes me want to take photographs. Different is good."

RELATED: How to fake freckles: The beauty trend that's all about spots

Shot in London, many photos feature applicants who email Elbank a recent color selfie, "minus makeup, glasses or hats." Many of them, he wrote, hated their freckles as a child.

"Ninety-nine percent of the people documented so far have struggled with their freckles, felt different, alienated," he noted. "Many [received] teasing, bullying and verbal abuse. Now hopefully all are feeling more at peace with their looks."

Although the series garnered media attention last year from British publications, including The Guardian and The Times, the photographs went truly viral earlier this month after related pieces blew up on BuzzfeedUK, The Daily Mail and The Huffington Post, according to Elbank. As a result, he wrote, "I've received well over 1,000 emails this past week from people applying globally."

RELATED: Why I love my 'freckle face' after years of teasing

It's especially impressive for someone who admits he doesn't have any freckles of his own. "My wife Sarah and eldest daughter Elkie have freckles," he wrote, "though my youngest Olive doesn't have a single one."

It's not the first time Elbank's work has resonated internationally. Three years ago, he created, produced and shot #Project60, an effort to help the Australian melanoma charity Beard Season. That series later appeared as the #Beard exhibition at Somerset House London to raise awareness for skin cancer. And next year, he's slated to exhibit new shows in Australia and Germany.

Even so, Elbank considered this month's response to #Freckles "crazy and most humbling."

He added, "I've had literally hundreds of emails from all walks of life and ethnic backgrounds saying how much they're enjoying the series and loving that it's showing them in a positive light!"

Follow TODAY.com writer Chris Serico on Twitter.

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#Freckles: Photographer shines spotlight on the beauty of spots

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With his stunning - and now viral - portraits of freckled folks, British photographer Brock Elbank tells TODAY.com his #Freckles project is all about "documenting the beauty in being an individual." A 42-year-old London resident with 19 years of photography experience, Elbank launched his project in 2012, during a nine-year residency in Sydney, Australia.

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Using line to create repetition and powerful photos.

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Leading lines are one of the most useful elements in photography. They can be used to create powerful images with a strong visual impact. Leading lines help draw the eye into the image and focus the viewer's attention on the main subject. They're also an excellent means of creating depth and symmetry. In this tutorial you'll discover how to use a wide variety of leading lines to create incredible photos with your iPhone.

What Is A Leading Line?

A leading line is a line in the picture that leads your eye from one part of the scene to another. The strongest composition is usually achieved when the lines lead your eye towards the main subject or focal point within the scene.

For example, a path leading towards a person or tree in the distance, a bridge with a train at the end of it, a row of trees with a building at the end, or a subway tunnel with lights leading your eye to someone in the distance.

So a leading line works as a bait for the eye, inviting you to follow the line through the picture. Even if the lines don't lead to a particular object, lines leading into the distance are still very effective in any image. Alternatively, the lines may be so strong that they actually become the main focal point of the image.

A picture can contain multiple lines, which often results in interesting symmetrical patterns being created. The strongest compositions will be where each line leads towards a single point.

Why Are Lines So Important?

Our eyes are naturally drawn to lines, and a well executed shot with a strong leading line should appeal to even the most uninterested viewer. Leading lines can often create a very strong and distinct visual experience, instantly catching the viewer's attention, even from a distance.

A leading line instantly gives you a hint of what this particular image is about by drawing your eye to the most important part of the image. And it's a great way of creating a sense of depth in your scene.

A leading line will also help you to compose your image. If there's a particular object in the image you want to emphasize, you can place it along the leading line or at the end of it.

Leading lines will also assist you when you have to decide where to position yourself before taking the shot. If you're shooting a road for example, the most natural position would be to stand in the center of the road along the central line.

What Makes A Good Leading Line?

Almost anything can be used as a leading line. Only your own imagination will set the limits. But let's take a look at some of the most common objects to use as a leading line.

In my opinion the most classic type of leading line is a road. Preferably a road with lines. The lines will make a great contrast against the tarmac and therefore serves as an excellent leading line.

A beautiful road can make the most incredible image as it communicates a sense of freedom and mystery. Where does the road lead to? What's around the bend?

A bridge will also make for a strong leading line, and there are different ways to capture it. Shoot it from ground level so it makes a horizontal leading line across your image. For a unique view, stand under the bridge and shoot upwards it if it's possible to get down there.

And if there's not too many distractions on the bridge, such as traffic or bulky bridge abutments that will break the leading line, the most obvious choice would be to capture it standing in the middle of the road on the bridge (as long as there's no traffic about!).

When you're taking landscape photos, try to find leading lines that wind through the scene, such as a river, a fence, railway tracks, a road or path. It could even be a row of trees or telegraph wires. Anything that draws your eye through the scene will work.

If you end up in a forest it can be hard to compose an image due to the repeating patterns that the trees create. Look for a path or a fallen tree that can serve as a leading line trough the trees. Any line that breaks a pattern in the scene will work really well.

Once you start looking, you'll find many objects that you can use as a leading line in almost any scene. I encourage everyone to think creatively. Look for any line and try to make a great image with its help.

Even my arm emerging from the corner of this image acts as a leading line, drawing your eye from the front of the image towards the distance, and breaking the pattern of the crops.

Remember, lines don't even have to be physical objects - they can be implied, such as these shadows which wind their way around the image, meeting at a point where the main subject (the cyclist) is positioned.

7 Little-Known iPhone Photography Tricks

It turns out that there are specific things that anyone can do to take incredible iPhone photos. That's why we've created this video revealing 7 little-known tricks for taking incredible iPhone photos that everyone adores. Click here to watch this video.

Types Of Leading Lines

A leading line doesn't necessarily have to be just one isolated line that runs through the image, and it doesn't have to be straight either. For example, the fence on the bridge below creates two parallel lines that run through the picture.

Parallel lines that lead into the distance probably have the strongest visual impact. They draw you into the picture, focusing your eye at the point where they converge. You can't help but follow them to that point in the image.

The same goes for a road with a strongly contrasting roadside or lines running along each side. You'll get two parallel lines that give the image depth and draw your eye into the distance.

Straight leading lines create a very strong visual impact, but you should also look out for curved lines too. If you're lucky enough to find an S-shaped or nicely curved road to shoot, this can create a vivid image filled with a sense of movement.

A spiral staircase shot from above will create a swirling line that reminds you of water running down the sink. Your eye will follow the spiral all the way down to the bottom of the stairs.

Use Lines To Create Depth In An Image

Conveying a sense of depth in a photo can sometimes be difficult, especially in landscape photography. Landscapes often appear very "flat" in a photo, and it can be difficult to convey any real sense of distance. An e xcellent way of adding depth to a photo is to include leading lines. The leading line does several things.

The first is that it creates foreground interest, as long as the line starts from the front of the image. Foreground interest is very important in landscape photography as it creates a sense of depth by giving the viewer something to focus on in the foreground before their eye moves to the objects, such as mountains or trees, in the distance.

The second thing a leading line does is to create a sense of distance due to the perspective it creates. For example, if you photograph a road or river running through a landscape, the parallel lines gradually converge the further away they get. This tells the viewer that the line is leading into the distance, adding to the sense of depth.

Finally, the line leads the eye through the landscape, sucking the viewer right into the picture. It takes them from the foreground, through the scene and on into the distance.

Leading lines also work really well in landscape shots that include water. Because water scenes contain so much empty space it's often difficult to get any idea of depth or distance.

Why not use a jetty to spice up a water landscape? Imagine just the water without the jetty in the photo above - it wouldn't be a very interesting picture.

Lines can also create a sense of depth when shooting directly down on your subject, or directly up towards your subject.

If this image had been taken looking down at the person without the spiral staircase in the shot, it would be difficult to covey how high up the photographer is. But the lines of the staircase create a great sense of depth as they converge down to smaller and smaller spirals the further down they go.

Composition Tips For Using Leading Lines

The first thing to do when composing a picture with leading lines is to active the grid in the camera app - go to Settings > Photos & Camera > Grid.

The grid will be of great help with positioning all of the elements within the frame, especially when you're using the leading lines to lead to a central point in your scene. In these situations it's very important to get the horizon straight.

So many times I've succeeded in using leading lines to lead towards a central point of interest, but at the same time failed to get a straight horizon.

Of course you straighten and crop the picture during post-processing, but most likely the picture will end up looking asymmetrical and distorted. So remember to keep an eye on all key elements of the image, and keep that horizon straight.

One good way of positioning parallel lines is to make them start at the bottom corner of the image and let them run through the image until they lead the eye to the point of interest. This will create great symmetry and a well balanced picture. You may need to crouch down and shoot from a low angle to achieve this composition.

Turning the previous tip on its head, a more unusual composition would be to have the leading lines starting from the top corners of the image. It's a more unconventional method, but can be extremely effective when framed correctly. This is a useful technique when shooting beneath bridges or overhead power lines.

A straight line often looks best when centered and starting at the bottom of the picture. If it's not centered, you'll once again get an asymmetrical looking picture which won't have as much visual impact.

Alternatively you could aim for a completely non-symmetrical image and start the line at one corner or at a point on the side of the image.

Normally we use leading lines that run vertically in an image, but sometimes they work horizontally too. The line in this wall not only creates a symmetrical composition, but it leads from one side of the image towards the person.

Horizontal lines tend to have less impact than vertical lines that run from the front of the image into the distance as they don't create any sense of perspective or distance. But it's worth considering using them in certain circumstances.

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How To Use Leading Lines To Create Powerful iPhone Photos

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Leading lines are one of the most useful elements in photography. They can be used to create powerful images with a strong visual impact. Leading lines help draw the eye into the image and focus the viewer's attention on the main subject. They're also an excellent means of creating depth and symmetry.

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I like the pattern in this image

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Moon Shell is a photograph by Carol Leigh which was uploaded on March 4th, 2012. The photograph may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days.