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The dependence on gravity for convective flow

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André Kuipers demonstrates the dependence on gravity for convective flow

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As part of the PromISSe mission, André Kuipers undertook an extensive education programme called Spaceship Earth. This involved performing two experiments which demonstrate the effect of gravity of everyday phenomena such as convection and formation and collapse of foam. In this short clip, André performs the experiment in microgravity and concludes that convection is a gravity dependent process.

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Convection and gravity

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Convection is of course responsible for many atmospheric, oceanic and tectonic phenomena; such as onshore breezes, the Gulf stream in the North Atlantic and the movement of continental plates. It also explains more homely things like why hot air above a radiator rises and the cold water below an ice-cube sinks, as shown in the two pictures below.

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Convection

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From ESA  -  What is convection ?

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IMPRESS Education: Heat Transfer, Convection

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Convection is probably the form of heat transfer that we are most familiar with. We heat our houses with convection (using 'radiators'), we heat our food in convecting saucepans and fan ovens and we lose most of our excess body heat through convection. Convection may be familiar, unfortunately it is also fiendishly complicated!

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A large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes, typically about 30° north or south.

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FIRE - the fire heats up the air, which rises up

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FIRE - the fire heats up the air, which rises up

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This simple machine, which my friend Alicja built, will show you how convection looks like. At the end, the candles went out because Alicja extinguished them ;)
Description below.
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Convection is a process of transferring the heat (connected with the macroscopic movement of matter) in gas, liquid or plasma. Talking about convection we mean only the motion of matter associated with temperature difference, which leads to the transfer of the heat.

To present this phenomenon we have built a windmill model which is made of cardboard and skewers sticks. In addition to this, we will need matches (or a lighter) and a stand for a model.

We tilt wings of the windmill at an angle to the level thanks to the air blast, the windmill rotates around its axis. Under the model, on a stand, we put candles. We notice that the windmill is still. We ingnite the wicks with the matches (the lighter). The windmill starts to spin. Why does it happen?

The windmill motion shows that it is driven by a blast of the air.

The lit candles are heating up the air around them. Its modules are moving faster and became lighter than the air which is around. The heated air rises up and its “blast” moves wings of the windmill. The windmill rotates around its axis.

This phenomenon is called CONVECTION CURRENTS