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- https://history.nasa.gov/sts25th/tech.html
- https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-the-space-shuttle-k4.html

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Different space shuttles

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space shuttle columbia

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A space shuttle launch.

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Space Shuttle Launch Audio - play LOUD (no music) HD 1080p

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8)Interesting facts about the SPace shuttle

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8)Interesting facts about the SPace shuttle

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1. The length of the space shuttle is 184 feet and it weighs 4.5 million pounds

2. Thespace shuttle was the first piece of space exploration technology that was reusable.

3. Although over 600 astronauts have flown to outer space on the space shuttle, only about seven can fly out at one time.

4. The longest orbit of the space shuttle lasted 17 ½ days.

5. The space shuttle takes off like a rocket yet lands like a plane.

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7) What were the biggest challenges while creating the space shuttle?

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7) What were the biggest challenges while creating the space shuttle?

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The two goals that complicated Shuttle design were, the need to be reusable and the need to serve many purposes. The four technical challenges were; minimizing political interference in the design, solid Rocket Boosters (SRB), Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME), and thermal Protection System (TPS). NASA had very little experience with the SRB because they had never been used for human spaceflight and they are very complex. The SSME needed to be reusable and throttleable and the two factors had never been combined before. The TSP had to be lightweight and reusable, and was again two competing variables.

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6) What technology was necessary for the space shuttle to be functional?

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6) What technology was necessary for the space shuttle to be functional?

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The orbiter, which was thought of a space shuttle connected to a booster, the orbiter needed three main engines in order to get to space. Digital fly-by-wire is a relatively simple technology that was extremely complex to develop, the sophisticated software was used to ensure a successful operation. The Space Shuttle Primary Avionics System Software (PASS) was developed with multiple redundancies to permit the routine safe operation of the Space Transportation System. In addition, the Shuttle software required 30 times more coding than that of the Apollo Moon missions, and the instructions tested the memory limits of the orbiterâs computers. Space capsules used ablative heat shields that charred as they protected their crews from the intense heat of reentry. While this system worked well for one-time use spacecraft, the Space Shuttle required a method that would allow the vehicle to be reused. There are two types of tiles used to protect the ship from thermal temperatures: Low-temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (LRSI) and High-temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (HRSI). LRSI tiles protect the orbiter from temperatures of 700 and 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit, and are mostly situated on the top of the spacecraft. They are colored white to reflect solar radiation in space and keep temperatures down. HRSI tiles protect the bottom of the orbiter and a few other vulnerable spots from temperatures between 1,200 and 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit. While STS-1 successfully tested the operation of the Payload Bay doors, another important cargo support component of the Shuttle would not be tested until the next flight. The Remote Manipulator System, which flew on STS-2, is a 50 foot long jointed boom that is operated by astronauts within the crew compartment.The Shuttle grew out of research into lifting body designs in the 1960s, designs that included wedge-shaped aircraft such as the Martin Marietta X-24A that use their entire structure to generate lift. The Orbiter is essentially a lifting body with wings attached to provide the extra lift that would give the Shuttle the gliding ability to land at runways far away from its reentry path. This cross-range capability was required by the Department of Defense to facilitate landings at remote Air Force bases. A vertical stabilizer, or tail, was also added for extra stability.

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5) Did the space shuttle fly successfully? How long before it was operative? 

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5) Did the space shuttle fly successfully? How long before it was operative? 

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The space shuttle flew successfully for the second space shuttle. It took five years to get the space shuttle to fly successfully in 1981. When they tried the first space shuttle in 1976 it did not fly successfully so there were modifications needed. Columbia was the name of the second space shuttle, which was the first successful flight of the space shuttle. Enterprise, the first space shuttle did make glide flights, but it never got to space.

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4)What was the space shuttle's purpose? Did it carry individuals or equipment and for what purpose?

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4)What was the space shuttle's purpose? Did it carry individuals or equipment and for what purpose?

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The space shuttle carried astronauts and building pieces to build the ISS. The space shuttle carriers to the maximum of seven crew members into space and back. The maximum weight for payload is  65,000 payload not including how much the space shuttle and the other parts weighed. That would mean the crew would count as part of the payload along with the cargo materials. The space shuttle has made a total of 135 missions of crew and cargo supplies.

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3) What is the Space shuttle's history? Do we still use it today?

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3) What is the Space shuttle's history? Do we still use it today?

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Its first launch 30 years ago to its final mission scheduled for next Friday, July of 2011. NASA's Space Shuttle program has seen moments of dizzying inspiration and of crushing disappointment.  The program will have sent up 135 missions, ferrying more than 350 humans and thousands of tons of material and equipment into low Earth orbit, on its next mission. It is a risky job, with complicated engineering, and within years 14 astronauts have lost their lives. From the first lift off with the first space shuttle mission on April 12, 1981 to the last space shuttle mission on  July 21, 2011. We still use space shuttles today to bring materials to the ISS, but that is it because the rest of them have been retired.

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Max Faget produced some shuttle designs. However the space shuttle was an industry designed vehicle. Von Braun was the team leader of the project. Some say Max Faget was closer to a  Korolyov type leader than Von Braun. Furthermore H.H. Koelle was the leader of Von Braun's Preliminary Design Section. He more than anyone else can be identified as the one who was responsible for hundreds of the sketches produced.

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The first space shuttle, named Enterprise, was rolled out in September 1976. Enterprise made some glide flights in 1977, but never reached space. However this led to more inventions of the space shuttle leading to the second space shuttle Columbia and they could learn from their mistakes. Columbia did reach space and made history. Enterprise started the journey to getting people into space from being invented in 1976.