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-Pasteurization: It consists on the application of heat during a certain period of time (depending on the foodstuff) with a temperature around 80ºC. With this method we can inactive the germs that are able to produce illness. On the other hand, there is no nutrients loose with pasteurization.
-Sterilisation: This process deletes germs and spores. The food is heated at temperatures around 115ºC. In this process, foodstuff's nutrients are lost, if so vitamins, depending on the length of the heating time.
-Salting: it consists on the addition of salt more or less abundant, in order to dehydrate the food.
-Drainage: A extraction of  the humudity that contains the food is applicated.
-Smoked: It is a mixture between salting and drainage.
-Marinate: it is a mix of salt and vinegar, giving a characteristic flavour and an appropiate conservation. Vinegar gives its preservative ability, and salt dehydrate the food.
-Freezing; It consists on the application of temperature under 0ºC, causing that the biggest part of food's water turns into ice. It is important to do it as less time and temperature as possible in order to do not affect the quality of the food.
-To oil: oil acts as a protector, covering the food and protecting it from air contact. It must be convined with another technique as vinegar, salting, etc, in order to have a long time conservation.
-Tinned:

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They used a bread bin and a press to store the bread and other food items. They kept the milk in the tank and when they needed milk they just went to the tank to get it. The tank was kept in a barrel of cold water to keep the milk cold and fresh.

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Curing - Dehydration or curing was the earliest form of curing. Smoking and salting techniques improve on the drying process and add antimicrobial agents that aid in preservation.
Cooling - Cooling preserves food by slowing down the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and the action of enzymes that cause food to rot. Before mechanical refrigeration, cooling for food storage occurred in the forms of root cellars and ice boxes.
Sugaring - In the past sugar was used as a preservative, and it was commonplace to store fruit in honey. Sugar tends to draw water from the microbes. This process leaves the microbial cells to dehydrate, thus killing them. In this way, the food will remain safe from microbial spoilage.
Canning - This method involves cooking food, sealing it in sterilised cans or jars. and boiling the containers to kill or weaken any remaining bacteria as a form of sterilisation.
Pasteurisation - This is a process for the preserving of liquid food. This method involves

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How did they prepare foods such as butter, cheese, flour. 

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How did they prepare foods such as butter, cheese, flour. 

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Preparing better was a tough job. They had to churn the milk until it turned into better. Once it turned into butter they would scope it out and bunch it all together. They would then wash the bunch of butter to get rid of the excess milk out. Then they would sprinkle salt over it to

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Some methods for storing food have been used for centuries, while others are recent advances in technology. Until XIX century, people had to invent imaginative ways to store food. Food was stored in cold currents, in caves and in natural wellstrings. Also, harvests were timed so that food wasn’t damaged. Butchery was done on autumn for keeping meat fresh.

Ice boxes began to be used in restaurants and houses in England from the early XIX century. In 1834, Jacob Perkins invented the first fridge machine.

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How did they prepare foods such as butter, cheese or flour?

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How did they prepare foods such as butter, cheese or flour?

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Milk was conserved in recipients made of clay, wood or animal skin, but as it was difficult to maintain these clean, the milk fermented fastly. The next step was to extract the curd serum in order to elaborate a kind of cheese, with a strong and acid flavour.

The first recipes of butter were made with the accidental agitation of milk cream. Butter was made with goat or cow milk and was considered an expensive product. Later, olive oil and salt were added to the recipe.

In order to make flour, the wheat was cleant, water was added to the mixture and it was left at rest. Then, it was crushed, purified and compressed. By this way, the main components were achieved. Water mills were used in order to make this process much easier.

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How long did simple foods such as meat, bread, milk, fruit and vegetables last?

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How long did simple foods such as meat, bread, milk, fruit and vegetables last?

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Vegetables depend on type can  last  3-5 days, 5-7 days  or up two weeks.
Fresh milk from the animal can't be drunk by people, so  take the pasteurizated milk as milk without preservatives. It must be consumed on day.
Meat and fish only last 2 or 3 hours.
Fruit can least from a couple of days to a week.
Fresh bread must be consumed in one or two days, thereafter it gets hard, if it has more than five days you can use it to make bread crumbs.

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How did they prepare foods such as butter, cheese, flour. 

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How did they prepare foods such as butter, cheese, flour. 

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Preparing butter was a tough job. They had to churn the milk until it turned into butter. Once it turned into butter they would scope it out and bunch it all together. They would then wash the bunch of butter to get rid of the excess milk out. Then they would sprinkle salt over it to preserve it. Finally they would make it into rolls and wrap grease proof paper around it.

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How long did simple foods such as meat, bread, milk, fruit and vegetables last?

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How long did simple foods such as meat, bread, milk, fruit and vegetables last?

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Recently baked breads last 2-3 days while breads stored in plastic bags can last 5-6 days.
Unrefrigerated meats can last for only 2 hours until they begin to expire while refrigerated meats can last 2-5 days depending on the type of meat. milk can last outside of the fridge for 2 hours but if properly refrigerated it can last for a week. fruit can last 3-5 days while vegetables can last a week.

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https://learningkerryetb-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/peter_kyselica_killorglincc_ie/Ec9u3kLuY45IkbbYRZWppe0BgMkLNNCp-bLAuHSX4h0LMg?e=h5efJO

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Cómo la tecnología ha cambiado la cocina, con un enfoque en el almacenaje, preservación y preparación de alimentos.

How has technology changed the kitchen, with a focus on the storing, preserving and preparing of food.

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Presentaciones STEM 09 revisado 2018-4-13.pptx