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In the West, the 19th century witnessed major social and technological upheavals, spurred in large part by the Industrial Revolution and correlating trends: urbanization, frequently poor working and living conditions, and territorial expansion by emerging global superpowers. In this period, artistic patronage shifted increasingly towards the capitalist bourgeoisie and national academies, with a rising profile for art dealers and critics

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Romantic music is a period of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century. It is related to Romanticism, the European artistic and literary movement that arose in the second half of the 18th century, and Romantic music in particular dominated the Romantic movement in Germany.

Famous composers from the second half of the century include Bruckner, Johann Strauss II, Brahms, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Dvořák, Verdi, and Wagner. Between 1890 and 1910, a third wave of composers including Mahler, Richard Strauss, Puccini, and Sibelius built on the work of middle Romantic composers to create even more complex – and often much longer – musical works. A prominent mark of late 19th century music is its nationalistic fervor, as exemplified by such figures as Dvořák, Sibelius, and Grieg. Other prominent late-century figures include Saint-Saëns, Fauré, Rachmaninoff and Franck.

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1876 - The first telephone was invented by Alexander bell and was first placed in Connecticut in 1878.
1800's - Interchangeable parts were invented by Eli Whitney and was most effective for the manufacturing of anything specifically guns and would make fixing machinery more efficient and quicker.
1891 - The first escalator was made in Coney island and was built for the handicapped and was used in New York in 1891 for entertainment purposes.
1881 - Vaccinations were invented by Louis Pasteur which helped cure many diseases and helped grow the population of animals and humans.
1879 - The light bulb was invented by  Thomas Edison and was first installed in New York in 1881.