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Compare and Contrast
A compare and contrast pattern helps students find similarities and differences between two things. In a story they could compare two characters or two settings.

Advantages:
- students learn how to differentiate between two things
- helps students visualize two different things
- helps students who work best when listing topics or facts

Disadvantages:
- no creativity involved
- does not incorporate cooperative learning very well
- can sometimes get too complex for some students-might not work the best for everyone

Citation: Sparkles Packet and Presentation in class

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compare and contrast graphic organizers - free templates

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Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizers - Free Templates

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Printable compare and contrast graphic organizer papers available to download. Get PDF compare and contrast papers for paragraph reading or concepts comparing.

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Reader's Theatre
This a strategy geared toward helping students develop fluency. Students are given lines that they can read in front of the class. This helps with fluency because the students are not forced to memorize their lines only read them off of the script they are given.

Advantages:
- Helps with fluency!!!!
- Teaches students to read with emotion
- Builds confidence in the student and their reading ability

Disadvantages:
- can intimidate a student
- can confuse them if they are unaware of what is going on
- does not always work for every student

Citation:
http://readingrockets.org/strategies/readers_theater

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Elkonin Boxes
This is a great tool to help with students' phonological awareness. These boxes are used when a student listens to word. They use any kind of token the teacher provides and moves the token into the boxes provided for each sound the word contains.

Advantages:
- helps children segment words
- teaches students to count the number of sounds in a word
- helps with spelling

Disadvantages:
- does not work for every student
- there is no specific age cut off for when this should not be used anymore

Citation:
http://readingrockets.org/strategies/elkonin_boxes

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Story Maps
A graphic organizer that helps students learn the different parts of a story as well as helps them record details of the story.

Advantages:
- improves story comprehension
- it is a good foundation of what students need to look for in a story
- help students organize information in a way that fits best for them

Disadvantages:
- does not work well for all students
- can tell them what they need to look for so they won't comprehend the whole story-just look for what they need to complete the chart

Citation:
http://readingrockets.org/strategies/story_maps

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Partner Reading
In this strategy two students read together and provide feedback and guidance for each other. The teacher would carefully select the partners and pair students who would work best together; a struggling reader with a strong reader maybe. They would help the other student when they are stuck or help the other student understand the concept of the story.

Advantages:
- allows students to actively participate in their learning
- By pairing a struggling reader with a strong reader, the struggling reader is exposed to a great example of a fluent reader.
- Teachers can easily observe students and their progress when using this strategy.

Disadvantages:
- students might not work well with partners
- students could easily get distracted
- students might accidentally teach the other student incorrectly

Citation:http://readingrockets.org/strategies/partner_reading

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/FreeDownload/FreebiePartner-Reading-Graphic-Organizer-and-Thinkmark-1115232

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Jig Saw
A Jig Saw has a group or individual student specialize in one topic or idea. Then at the end of a lesson or activity, all of the specialized groups will share. After sharing, the "pieces" will fit together and everyone will understand the topic as a whole.

Advantages:
- students are very involved with their learning
- students learn how to advance their comprehension skills
- students must work together, so it helps strengthen the students' communication skills

Disadvantages:
- group work does not work for every class
- students may not understand the concept and teach their specialized part completely wrong

Citation:http://readingrockets.org/strategies/jigsaw

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Concept Map
Concept Maps are a visual organizer that help students deepen their understanding of a topic. It gives them multiple ways to look at the same topic.

Advantages
- a good method for organizing information
- can be used for any subject
- the organization makes it easier for students to make connections about new topics

Disadvantages
- can take away from critical thinking
- can confuse other students if they do not think about a topic the same way as another student

Citation:
http://readingrockets.org/strategies/concept_maps

http://readingrockets.org/pdfs/Starting%20Concept%20Mapping.pdf

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Anticipation Guide
This is a strategy that is used before a student does any sort of reading activity. This strategy is used to incorporate a student's knowledge that they already have as well as try to get them interested in the new topic and how their previous knowledge will fit into that new topic.

Advantages
- This strategy gets students engaged before the learning actually begins.
- This allows students to use their knowledge of inferences and predictions and see if they are correct in the end.
- It allows them to utilize prior knowledge.

Disadvantages
- If the student does not have any prior knowledge on that topic, they might not be engaged in the learning.
- It is only used before reading and is never revisited throughout the rest of the lesson.

Citation:
Anticipation Guide idea and example: http://readingrockets.org/strategies/anticipation_guide

http://www.readingrockets.org/content/pdfs/anticipationguide_rumphius.pdf

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Vocabulary 4-Square/Frayer Model
This graphic organizer used different techniques in order to get the student to understand a vocabulary word. There are four boxes included on this square with one box in the middle. In the four boxes the student will write the vocabulary word, write any personal association they can think of relating to the word, write the word's meaning in their own terms, and write what the word does not mean in their own term.

Advantages:
- It allows the student to write the definition in their own words and how they interpret it's meaning.
- It allows for differentiation. Although the students are all turning in the same product, their answers and how they got there can be different.
- It makes students use their own personal experiences to understand the word.

Disadvantages
- It is a work sheet.
- It is not super interactive or whole brain.

Citation:
Sparkles Presentation Packet
Frayer Model Example www.readingeducator.com

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This strategy stresses understanding words within the larger context of a reading selection by requiring students, first, to analyze the items (definition and characteristics) and, second, to synthesize/apply this information by thinking of examples and non-examples.

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K-W-L Charts
These graphic organizers record what students know already (K), want to know (W), and what they have learned (L). These can be used for any topic or subject and are very versatile. These are also a great way for students to lead what is taught during the lesson.

Advantages:
- incorporates or can be used for all three assessments (pre, informal, and formal assessment)
- open ended and can be used for multiple subjects and topics
- Helps teacher guide student learning by using students' previous knowledge. Teacher can use what they know and what they want to learn in order to shape his/her lesson.

Disadvantages:
- this strategy is a bit bland
- is not very interactive or whole brain
- Students might not relate well to this method if they don't have any background knowledge on the topic; it could make them disinterested.

Citation: kwl chart example comes from www.eduplace.com

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Guiding Student Research with a KWL Chart Template

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You can start on a project with your class by asking them to research a particular topic. This could be an event in history, a science principle, or a book you are teaching in class. You can encourage them to think of each column in the KWL chart as,: What I know: "At first I was thinking....because..."